Which of the following types of stool is most likely to be identified correctly by patients and healthcare staff on the Bristol Stool Chart?

The majority of studies assessing the BSC use it to define ‘hard stools’ within the Rome III or IV definition of functional constipation and compare it with another assessment of stool type, usually purported to be more accurate. In these studies, type 1 or type 2 stools on the BSC are classified as hard. Both Koppen et al 13 and Vriesman et al 20 showed that the prevalence of constipation was the same when the BSC was used to define hard stools compared with other more detailed questionnaire-based approaches. Which of the following stool types on the Bristol Stool Chart, are commonly taken to be ‘hard stools’? The BSC was originally developed for use in adults, and concerns exist about its generalisability to the paediatric population. In infants and toddlers, assessment of stool consistency is usually based on parental recall of the stool type, but when children get older, assessment of stool consistency is based on self-reporting. Whether you want to express your funny side with humorous Bristol Stool Chart Mugs, share your love of a favorite movie or tv show with a pop culture latte mug, design some 15 oz custom Bristol Stool Chart Mugs for a special occasion, Does your mug make a statement? Express yourself with unique and affordable Coffee Mugs and Bristol Stool Chart Mugs from CafePress. Our diverse selection has something for everyone.

The BSC was originally formulated and validated by Stephen Lewis and Ken Heaton at Bristol Royal Infirmary in the UK. 8 It was inspired by a previous study examining defecation habits in a large cohort of adults that showed that stool appearance correlated with frequency of defecation. 9 This led to the development of a scale of stool types that was subsequently validated using only 66 adult volunteers. available on our Bristol Stool Chart Mugs, we even allow you to create a design from scratch using our fast and easy custom designer. The BSC has also been shown to have good validity and reliability in adult patients although again types 2, 3, 5 and 6 stools were less likely to be classified correctly. 23 In paediatric patients reliability using the m-BSC has been shown to increase with age and again was better at the extreme ends of the scale. 14 What age would you expect a child to be able to use the Bristol Stool Chart to report their own stools?

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Footnotes

Each volunteer maintained a diary for 9 days and was then required to ingest radio-opaque pellets of different shapes contained in a capsule on four consecutive mornings. They then had each stool collected from 24 hours after the final capsule ingestion and also underwent serial abdominal radiographs. Intestinal transit time was calculated using a formula that accounted for the pellet shape and the time it took to be excreted. Each volunteer underwent four baseline assessments and then repeated the process with administration of senna and loperamide in separate episodes. The corresponding intestinal transit time was found to significantly correlate with stool form. This correlation has been assessed by other small studies, although only one in children, 10 and there remains controversy about the strength of the relationship. 11 12 to hold grip handles. While we don’t carry porcelain coffee mugs, our ceramic Bristol Stool Chart Mugs are an excellent substitution to your kitchen for sipping a hot drink of coffee, hot tea, Promote something special about yourself or your family with a custom coffee or travel mug from our high quality selection of Bristol Stool Chart Mugs. What are you waiting for, enjoy what makes We carry 11 oz ceramic mugs, 15 oz ceramic mugs, 20 oz ceramic mugs. Our ceramic Bristol Stool Chart Mugs are microwave safe, top shelf dishwasher safe, and have easy

Which of the following statements is one of the Rome IV criteria for diagnosing constipation in children? or create a personalized ceramic mega mug to brew tea in for that favorite person in your life, we've got you covered.The use of the BSC to aid in the diagnosis of constipation in children and to assess response to treatment is recommended by a variety of national and international groups. 18 19 However, there is surprisingly little literature assessing the sensitivity and specificity of using the BSC in this setting.