When it first evolved, Carnotaurus lived in South America and inhabited the southern end of the continent. It first evolved roughly 72 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period. At the time the world had a fairly warm climate with high sea levels. Earth’s climate cooled down and sea levels dropped later in the Cretaceous, and as the climate changed, Carnotaurus went extinct close to 69 million years ago. In the late twentieth century, geneticists used revolutionary genetic engineering techniques to restore it to life. His relatively large eyes were positioned right at the front of the skull, giving him binocular and tro-dimensional vision, what's pretty unusual in Dinosauria. The horns are most likely used in courtship, as they are known to be used in social displays. The eggs of theropods are ovoid, like those of modern birds. Eggs belonging to medium-sized dinosaurs like Carnotaurus generally have incubation periods lasting for three to six months. Communication Carnotaurus announces its dominance over a hunting ground with a loud roar.

The InGen Carnotauruses were smaller than their real life counterparts, measuring at 7 feet tall and resembling small Tyrannosauruses but with more bulldog-like snouts, bony protuberances above the eyes, and more stubbier forelimbs. Carnotaurus is one of the best-understood genera of the Abelisauridae, a family of large theropods restricted to the ancient southern supercontinent Gondwana. Abelisaurids were the dominant predators in the Late Cretaceous of Gondwana, replacing the carcharodontosaurids and occupying the ecological niche filled by the tyrannosaurids in the northern continents. [17] Several notable traits that evolved within this family, including shortening of the skull and arms as well as peculiarities in the cervical and caudal vertebrae, were more pronounced in Carnotaurus than in any other abelisaurid. [AN] [AO] [28] The Evil Queen • Chernabog • Queen of Hearts • Captain Hook • Maleficent • Cruella De Vil • Ursula • Jafar • Scar • Hades • Dr. Facilier In Season 4 episode 4: Rude Awakening, This is the first time that Toro is seen since the two previous seasons and mention in Season 3. He made a brief appearance in Yaz's nightmare along with a Ceratosaurus and the two deceased hybrids - The Indominus rex and Scorpios rex.A number of autapomorphies (distinguishing features) can be found in the skull, including the pair of horns and the very short and deep skull. The maxilla had excavations above the promaxillary fenestra, which would have been excavated by the antorbital air sinus (air passages in the snout). The nasolacrimal duct, which transported eye fluid, exited on the medial (inner) surface of the lacrimal through a canal of uncertain function. Other proposed autapomorphies include a deep and long, air-filled excavation in the quadrate and an elongated depression on the pterygoid of the palate. [1] Vertebrae [ edit ] Sixth tail vertebra of the holotype in A) side, B) front and C) top views, with arrows indicating the highly modified caudal ribs On June 23, 2018, at least two adult Carnotaurus were observed just east of Mount Sibo. One of the animals was killed in territorial conflict with a Tyrannosaurus, while the other (a heavily battle-scarred individual) was driven over a cliff during the volcano’s eruption. At least two Carnotaurus were removed from the island by Ken Wheatley and mercenaries via the S. S. Arcadia. One of these was the scarred individual, while the other was more standard in appearance. The last one to be logged into the Arcadia‘s manifest was weighed at 2,900 kilograms (3.2 tons), making it the heaviest-known Carnotaurus ever measured. It was cosigned by Jamie Wood and logged in at 13:55, kept in Container #34-1015-4951 (Cargo #15347). Its name was highlighted in green, possibly indicating good health. All together there were at least four adult Carnotaurus living on the island between 2015 and 2018, including one male and at least one female.

Carnotaurus probably didn't use its arms for much. They were a leftover trait from the dinosaur's earlier ancestors. The snout of the Disney Carnotaurus is much more prolonged and broader than the snout of the Carnotaurus in real life which is often compared to that of a bulldog as well as more robust. The Carnotaurus was first seen in the 1998 Disney's Animal Kingdom commercial on The Lion King II: Simba's Pride VHS. One of the most distinctive species of theropod dinosaurs, Carnotaurus was first cloned by InGen during the creation of Jurassic Park on Isla Nublar, with the company possessing a pair of Carnotaurus on Isla Sorna in the 1990s. [1] While these animals weren't encountered during the incidents on Sorna in 1997 and 2001, the species itself was eventually exhibited in Jurassic World on Isla Nublar, [2] which opened in 2004. It is unknown if these Carnotaurus were transported from Isla Sorna once the island's biosphere began to collapse. [1] Tyrannosaurs had more powerful jaws and teeth than abelisaurs, as well as longer arms with two-fingered hands. Abelisaurs had four fingers on each hand. Tyrannosaurs could also grow much larger.

In the Genetic Age, this dinosaur’s genome has been sequenced and it was cloned by International Genetic Technologies for the Jurassic World theme park. Previously, it had been cloned by InGen on Isla Sorna, though it was not successfully brought to Isla Nublar at that point in time. It shows fewer phenotypic anomalies than many of InGen’s other animals, making it scientifically one of the most useful specimens. While exhibiting it proved to be too much of a challenge, Carnotaurus DNA was utilized by Dr. Henry Wu in the creation of the Scorpios (and subsequently the Indominus) genome. In particular, the horns of the Scorpios were derived from abelisaurid gene donors such as Carnotaurus. If its enhanced immune system as described in the junior novels has carried over into the film canon, this would be another potential point of interest in its genome, a possible source of medical treatments. Politics a b Glut, Donald F. (2003). " Carnotaurus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. 3rd Supplement. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 274–276. ISBN 978-0-7864-1166-5. Carnotaurus (meaning “meat-eating bull”) is a genus of moderately large abelisaurid theropod dinosaur, discovered in 1984 by Argentinian paleontologist José Fernando Bonaparte. It is known from a single adult skeleton, mostly complete, which was unearthed on the farm Pocho Sastre located in La Colonia Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. The only known species of Carnotaurus, called C. sastrei, is named in honor of the farm’s owner Angel Sastre. This dinosaur lived during the Maastrichtian age of the late Cretaceous period, between 72 and 69.9 million years ago. Sterli, Juliana; De la Fuente, Marcelo S. (2011). "A new turtle from the La Colonia Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian), Patagonia, Argentina, with remarks on the evolution of the vertebral column in turtles". Palaeontology. 54 (1): 65. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01002.x.

Paleobiology [ edit ] Function of the horns [ edit ] Restoration of the head showing the soft tissues inferred from osteological morphology of the skull Carnotaurus and Tyrannosaurus belong to two different dinosaur groups - ceratosaurs and coelurosaurs. These groups might have been evolving apart for more than 100 million years, since the Late Triassic Period. Where did Carnotaurus live? Experts believe that Carnotaurus' ancestors would have had longer arms. Over time the arms got smaller and less useful. Standing around 15 feet tall and measuring a seeming 40+ feet in length, the Carnotaurs are fearsome, bipedal, carnivorous dinosaurs with reddish scales, long tails, sharp teeth, and short horns. Their stubby arms are vestigial, as the bipedal predators no longer require them for locomotion. The two Carnotaurs that serve as the film's main antagonists are noticeably different in size, though it is unknown whether they are a mated pair or just relatives. Both Carnotaurs are ambiguous in regards to their genders and it is never stated whether either is male or female. The second, smaller Carnotaurus is perhaps the larger one's mate. It is also possible given their size differences, that the larger carnotaur is the smaller one's parent. Though according to the designer David Krentz, they were both always referred as "he" since their relationship was not considered.

Notable Individuals

The Carnotaur is given a much more articulated body in the film, heavily inspired by the T. rex. Contrary to popular belief, Carnotaurus was not a typical theropod dinosaur as its family (Carnotaurinae) developed separately from the group in the then-isolated South America from different ancestors. It is often put forward by scientists to have had a relatively simply body which would have looked like a sausage with long legs and a mouth at the end. In Dinosaur this was the only dinosaur that did not speak throughout the film, not counting the opening scene.