For typical Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) the geometric properties of the cross-section are defined in the following standards: The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform compression for cross-section class 1, 2, 3 is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.4(2). Therefore the presented cross-section resistances are indicative values applicable for special cases.

The design plastic bending moment resistance of the cross-section is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.5(2). The design resistance of the cross-section for axial force, shear force, and bending moment are calculated in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.2. The plastic section modulus corresponds to the sum of first moments of the area of the two halves about a bending axis passing through the centroid.The design elastic bending moment resistance of the cross-section is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.5(2). The shear area A v for the case of circular hollow sections is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.6(3) as: R2 = Round to 2 decimals: round the current display value to 2 decimal places such as in money or currency format

For circular cross-sections and tubular cross sections the torsional constant I T is equal to the polar moment of inertia of the area I P that is given by the following relation: The elastic section modulus W el is calculated by dividing the second moment of the area I with the corresponding distance from the centroid to the most distant edge:

For the case of circular hollow sections (tubular sections) that cannot be classified as Class 3 their strength and stability verifications should be based on EN 1993-1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures. For elastic verification the yield criterion in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.1(5) is applied, i.e. the shear stress τ is limited the steel yield stress in pure shear f y / √3:

They are calculated by adding the contribution of the external boundary and then subtracting the contribution of the internal void. The geometric quantities include the total area of the cross section A and the second moments of the area I, which is constant for any axis of bending due to symmetry. For the case of circular hollow sections that cannot be classified as Class 3 their strength and stability verifications should be based on EN 1993-1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures The aforementioned axial force resistances correspond to the gross cross-sectional area A and the steel yield stress f y:

Note: for other problems you might get an answer with more than 2 decimal places. Use the R2 key to round off to dollars and cents. Use R0 to round off to only dollars. While some basic functionality is still available, please consider enabling javascript to benefit from the more advanced features such as: The classification of the circular hollow sections (tubular sections) is specified in EN1993-1-1 Table 5.2.

They correspond to the gross cross-section resistance reduced by the steel partial material safety factor applicable for cross-section resistance γ M0 that is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.1 for buildings, or the relevant parts of EN1993 for other type of structures, and the National Annex. For the case of circular hollow sections that cannot be classified as Class 3 their strength and stability verifications should be based on EN 1993-1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures. Class 1: Plastic bending moment resistance develops and plastic hinge develops with rotation capacity adequate for plastic analysis. Design properties for circular hollow steel sections (CHS) according to EN1993-1-1 Definition of the cross-sectionMultiplication and Division will convert the displayed value to a percent in decimal form and complete the operation when you press [=] F.H. Brundle is your source for high-quality wrought iron components. From railheads and bars to bushes, collars, and scrolls, we have everything you need to create beautiful gates, railings, balustrades, and more. Our products are perfect for enhancing homes and commercial spaces alike, and our wide range of decorative items and paints will help you bring your designs to life. Due to symmetry the centroid of the cross-section (center of mass) as well as the shear center are located at the center. The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform tension is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.3(2). Touch Screen Zoom: Increase the size of the calculator on your touch screen by zooming with your fingers. The size of the calculator, text and buttons changes proportionately.