Leeman, John R.; Schmitter, E. D. (April 2009). "Electric signals generated by tornados". Atmos. Res. 92 (2): 277–79. Bibcode: 2009AtmRe..92..277L. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.029. Vettese, Dayna. "Tornadoes in Canada: Everything you n

If we placed cameras in the path of a tornado, they would either be damaged by the strong winds and swirling debris, or become so caked with mud and water that they wouldn’t produce any useful pictures. And of course, it’s not safe for humans to try to observe tornadoes at close range. It’s important to always seek shelter when tornado conditions develop. Though only tropical cyclones have structures officially termed "eyes", there are other weather systems that can exhibit eye-like features. [1] [32] Polar lows [ edit ]Grazulis, Thomas P.; Flores, Dan (2003). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. Norman OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p.256. ISBN 0-8061-3538-7. Radar Signatures for Severe Convective Weather: Low-Level Mesocyclone, Print Version". www.faculty.luther.edu . Retrieved 2022-06-03. Zittel, Dave (2000-05-04). "Tornado Chase 2000". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2007-01-04 . Retrieved 2007-05-19. a b c d Vigh, Jonathan (2006). Formation of the Hurricane Eye (PDF). 27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Monterey, California: American Meteorological Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-06 . Retrieved 2013-05-07. Marks, Frank D.; Stewart, Stacy R. (2001). TRMM Satellite Data – Applications to Tropical Cyclone Analysis and Forecasting (PDF). TRMM Workshops (Presentation). Boulder, Colorado: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. pp.7–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-22 . Retrieved 2013-05-07.

Eyewall mesovortices are a significant factor in the formation of tornadoes after tropical cyclone landfall. Mesovortices can spawn rotation in individual convective cells or updrafts (a mesocyclone), which leads to tornadic activity. At landfall, friction is generated between the circulation of the tropical cyclone and land. This can allow the mesovortices to descend to the surface, causing tornadoes. [21] These tornadic circulations in the boundary layer may be prevalent in the inner eyewalls of intense tropical cyclones but with short duration and small size they are not frequently observed. [22] Stadium effect [ edit ] View of Typhoon Maysak's eye from the International Space Station displaying a pronounced stadium effectThere are areas which people believe to be protected from tornadoes, whether by being in a city, near a major river, hill, or mountain, or even protected by supernatural forces. [129] Tornadoes have been known to cross major rivers, climb mountains, [130] affect valleys, and have damaged several city centers. As a general rule, no area is safe from tornadoes, though some areas are more susceptible than others. [26] [124] [125] Ongoing research A Doppler on Wheels unit observing a tornado near Attica, Kansas As the tornado enters the dissipating stage, its associated mesocyclone often weakens as well, as the rear flank downdraft cuts off the inflow powering it. Sometimes, in intense supercells, tornadoes can develop cyclically. As the first mesocyclone and associated tornado dissipate, the storm's inflow may be concentrated into a new area closer to the center of the storm and possibly feed a new mesocyclone. If a new mesocyclone develops, the cycle may start again, producing one or more new tornadoes. Occasionally, the old (occluded) mesocyclone and the new mesocyclone produce a tornado at the same time. [ citation needed] Brown, Daniel; Roberts, Dave. "Interpretation of passive microwave imagery" (Press release). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2008-09-27 . Retrieved 2008-03-12.