In his speech on the economy on 30 June 2020, the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, argued that “newt-counting delays” slowed down house building. He said that, in the recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, we would “build better and build greener but we will also build faster”. Ezana Haddis Weldeghebrael Thank you very much, Shalini, it’s interesting work. Following Shalini, Catherine, you have the floor. The newest menu has once again been created by founder Nico Simeone, following a Weights and measures were an important part of food and drug regulation. If a product misrepresented the contents specified by weight the authorities can measure how far the product deviates from the label or how adulterated the product may be.

Ezana Haddis Weldeghebrael Thank you very much, Shalini. We have two questions. One is from a colleague from The University of Manchester, Joe Ravetz, Future Cities lead at Manchester Urban Institute. The question is from Joe’s work on the global peri-urban, typically a zone of land conflict, local versus global, bypassing of communities and livelihoods. So Joe is asking you in this context of peri-urbanisation, how to start building wider knowledge coalitions in such a fragmented space. And the second is from Kenny Lynch from the University of Gloucestershire. Thank you for the great presentations. I wonder if any of the speakers could share any observations they may have on edge of city settings. Kenny’s interested in the edge of cities and how urban processes of fast growing cities bleed into the peri-urban areas, in line with Joe Ravetz’s question.

6. Would planning reform harm the environment

This briefing seeks to highlight key points within Planning for the Future – those which are perhaps most likely to be of interest to Members and those which have attracted most comment. Readers should refer to the white paper for the detail of the Government’s proposals.

Section 4.2 on permitted development rights was extended, section 5 on the Levelling Up white paper was added, section 7 was expanded and relevant parts of the summary were again updated on 11 February 2022. Memorandum from Branch to Mr. Bailey, Oct. 26, 1914; 1917 Program of Work; and Program of Work for Fiscal Year 1919, CMDP, box 1, RG 83, NA. Frank Mann Stewart, A Half Century of Municipal Reform: The History of the National Municipal League (1950; reprint 1972), pp. 10, 26.

Thank you for your submission

The Royal Town Planning Institute welcomed the announcement, while expressing concern that a target-based approach to housing was too narrow and wider priorities such as health, infrastructure, net zero carbon goals and the environment should not be side-lined. The August 2020 newsletter(PDF) from the chief planner at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG, now the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, DLUHC) summarised the proposed changes, which cover four main areas of policy: The Levelling Up White Paper places planning reform within the mission to improve homeownership and housing quality. It follows the Planning White Paper from 2020 in identifying problems with affordability and homelessness that are deepest in London and the South East of England and urban areas more broadly. Planning reform in the Levelling Up White Paper aims to achieve simpler and shorter local plans for England that are easier for local authorities to adopt, a greater role for design codes, and more digital planning to make the process more map-based, all of which (among other changes) will improve the certainty of the planning process. Women were expected to participate in the development of model market systems only as informed consumers. Branch complained in his lecture entitled "Practical Market Work for Women" that women had antagonized grocers and dealers with negative articles in the press about high food prices and questionable business practices. He argued that it was not their place to tell them how to run their businesses, any more than it was for grocers or dealers to tell women how to run their households. Women should mind "their own business" and start their reforms "at home." It was their duty to the cause of better markets to inspect food for quality and accuracy of weight and measure before buying. They should also refrain from the credit system, pay cash for their goods, and carry home their food to avoid the cost of delivery. 33

The Urban Reform Movement in the 19th century has led to positive changes in urban planning but also cemented the rigid social classes in American society. A large portion of the Urban Reform movement was led by Protestant reformers who instilled their own measures of moral purity such as temperance. However, the general living conditions of the urban poor did improve with the efforts of the Urban Reform Movement. A morally motivated reform movement has inherent issues, but the urban reform movement did allow for poor Americans to access services previously unavailable. These efforts were a combination of direct service and political activism. Political Activism for Legislative Change Progressive reformers also looked for ways in which public markets-old and new—might contribute to improved public hygiene and social conditions. In 1916 Donald Armstrong, speaking before the American Medical Association, argued that public markets were more efficient than "individualistic" food retailing establishments at maintaining public hygiene. By bringing producer and consumer together under one roof, said Armstrong, local government could not only effect economies of scale and eliminate the cost of delivery but also enhance the "directness and simplicity with which the sanitary control can be established." 45 Cities discovered these shortcomings and responded with an easy, economical alternative to major development and preservation projects—the open-air farmers' markets, located in streets and parking lots. In 1977 there were one hundred farmers' markets operating in the country, stimulated by the Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing Act (Public Law 94-463), and today there are more than two thousand. 57 Some zoning systems in other parts of the world, such as Ireland and New York City, result in similar outcomes to the English planning system. These are inflexible zoning systems with either “single-use” zones that heavily restrict how land can be used, or retain discretionary review of permits. It is crucial that England avoid these outcomes by creating a flexible zoning system. A planning White Paper had been expected for some time; the long-awaited Planning for the Future white paper (PDF) was launched on 6 August 2020, with an accompanying press release. The press release sets out in the Government’s words what the changes will mean:Mary L. Lincoln et al., "A Symposium—The Markets of Some Great Cities," The Chautauquan 24 (December 1896): 332–335. Standard method for calculating housing need: The consultation proposed to amend the standard method, which must be used unless “exceptional circumstances” justify another approach. Building on deliberations from the conference, we held a webinar in September 2023 to discuss the role that academics, action researchers and professionals can play in fostering the formation and functioning of urban reform coalitions. In doing so, we wanted to give special focus to how knowledge and evidence can catalyse urban reform coalitions. They can push vanity and perfection. We wanted to do it right. We wanted to utilise our skills of understanding people and put them into Manchester – using fitness as a way to help people develop a balanced lifestyle, keep fit and healthy. Charles J. Brand, "The Office of Markets of the United States Department of Agriculture," in King, ed., Reducing the Cost of Food Distribution, pp. 252–259. On USDA disapproval of Wiley's enforcement of the act, see Oscar E. Anderson, Jr., The Health of a Nation: Harvey W. Wiley and the Fight for Pure Food (1958).

Jon C. Teaford, The Municipal Revolution in America: Origins of Modern Urban Government, 1650–1825 (1975), pp. 3–19.A new simpler national levy to replace the current system of developer contributions which often causes delay Devolution of power to local levels of government and the proliferation of NGOs does not necessarily guarantee the inclusion of disadvantaged groups – including residents of informal settlements, informal economy operators, refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs). But it does provide an opportunity for the emergence of pro-poor coalitions. Second, the planning process for almost all of the remaining land is highly discretionary with nearly all significant decisions made case-by-case. The uncertainty this creates in the development process reduces the number of new homes and commercial buildings that are built, as it is possible to propose a new development that complies with the local plan and nevertheless have it rejected. Movie Man Shoots Market Crowd and Causes Sensation," Lancaster (Pennsylvania) Intelligence, Nov. 10, 1917 (clipping), CMDP, box 1, RG 83, NA. Ezana closed the session by highlighting the necessity of further research and deliberations around urban reform coalitions, to advance our strategic understanding of how to sustain urban coalitions as reform agendas change, manage expectations among coalition partners – considering the slow pace of reform – and resolve conflicts of interests among coalition members and external stakeholders.