One of the earliest types of motorcycle front suspension, the girder fork consists of a pair of uprights attached to the triple clamp by linkages with a spring usually between the top and bottom triple clamps. The design reached a peak in the "Girdraulics" used on Vincent motorcycles from 1948. Girdraulic forks featured hydraulic damping with forged alloy blades providing extra strength. [4] Which sector will you be using the telehandler in? Do you need to know more about use in agriculture? Or perhaps construction is more your field? Although plunger suspension could be sophisticated, with springing and damping in both compression and rebound, it had three disadvantages (compared to the almost universal swingarm that succeeded it), as follows: (i) wheel travel was limited, (ii) the wheel could move out of the required vertical axis, and (iii) it was more expensive to produce and maintain.

Scott has a calm, friendly and understanding approach with the correct attitude and skills to keep his trainees relaxed, safe and confident when on the course. Dedicated to large tonnage, MHT machines are particularly used by the extractive industries (mining/refinery/oil) and the public works sector. Several other sectors of activity (including agriculture) use their performance for their handling work. Willoughby, Vic (1977) [1975]. "Ner-a-Car". Classic Motorcycles (Third impressioned.). Hamlyn. pp.30–32. ISBN 0-600-31870-2. In the case of Cathro and Minnaar, I think the pieces were in place to achieve nearly modern performance, and the limiting factor was the boldness and patience for riders and manufacturers to get far outside their comfort zones and test radically different bikes. There may have also been some differences in DH courses that didn't favour increased stability as clearly as current courses, but I don't think that's a sufficient explanation, as 2000s DH courses weren't any more slow and janky than modern enduro courses. Maybe a full-on modern DH bike would've been slightly overkill for the courses of the time, but modern enduro bikes aren't far off modern DH bikes. The available attachments come in a wide selection of forms and sizes, so it’s important to make a comprehensive assessment about what your project requires and also how an attachment would fit your telehandler. A good dealership should be able to advise you on this, so make use of their expertise where you can. Crane jib attachmentsTCS (Travel Control System): Anti-dive system with variable damping. TCS was introduced on the FZ 400 R (1984, only for the Japanese market). Such dampers usually employed fixed-orifice damping combined with a one-way valve that placed most of the damping on the less-upsetting rebound stroke. In the 1970s, gas-pressurized rearsuspension dampers came into use, and there were several attempts in the 1990s to apply them to fork dampers. The purpose is to keep damping fluid under enough pressure to prevent its being pulled apart (cavitated) as damping chambers refill. This is implemented by allowing gas pressure behind a piston or bladder to maintain the necessary pressure on the fluid. The most common telehandler forklift attachment is the fork carriage, which essentially transforms the machine into a multi-functional workhorse that can lift a wide range of loads, such as: Forward reach– most smaller telehandlers have a maximum forward extension of around 10 feet. Larger models, on the other hand, can reach lengths as much as 45 feet in some cases, which can be really useful in certain situations. When a swingarm is present on only one side of the motorcycle, this is known as a single-sided swingarm. In 1981 BMW introduced the single sided swingarm (mono lever) to motorcycles on their R 80 GS model. Notable examples include the Honda VFR800 and the BMW R- and K-series. Single-sided swingarms make rear-wheel removal easier, though they generally increase the unsprung weight of the rear suspension. This is due to the additional material required to give identical torsional rigidity to a conventional (two-sided) swingarm setup. [ citation needed] For this reason sports bikes are rarely seen using the setup. Notable exclusions are the Ducati 916 which was intended to be taken endurance racing, the MV Agusta f4 which has a hollow interior for reduced weight (a magnesium version is also available), and the Ducati 1098, which was given a single sided swingarm purely for styling reasons. [ citation needed] BMW's Paralever rear suspension on a R1200GS

A telehandler, also known as a telescopic handler, forklift is a hugely versatile lifting machine that is most often used in the construction industry. They feature telescopic arms that can lift loads and extend/retract to adjust the maximum reach/lifting height of the machine. Their primary use is for lifting pallet boards, and they can move heavy loads into high up areas that are tough to reach any other way. A telescopic fork uses fork tubes which contain the suspension components (coil springs and damper) internally. This is the most common form of fork commercially available. It may or may not include gaiters for protection against abrasive elements on the suspension cylinders. The main advantages of the telescopic fork are that (i) it is simple in design and relatively cheap to manufacture and assemble; (ii) it is lighter than older designs using external components and linkage systems; and (iii) it has a clean and simple appearance that bikers find attractive. A leading link fork suspends the wheel on a link (or links) with a pivot point aft of the wheel axle. Russian Ural motorcycles used leading link forks on sidecar equipped motorcycles, and aftermarket leading link forks are often installed today on motorcycles when they are outfitted with sidecars. They are also very popular with trikes, improving the handling while steering or braking. The most common example of a leading link fork is that found on the Honda Super Cub.It might look like a desktop daydream, but Push actually began prototyping the fork you see above in late 2015. The inverted, dual-crown chassis is also linkage driven. Based on the Earle's Fork patent, used on BMW motorcycles from 1955 to 1969, the leading link design features a link arm main pivot that rides on the lower leg while the dropout is attached separately. Behind the stanchions is not a fender, but another arm bridging the link to the upper tubes. Axle path is only one of several parameters when designing a linkage fork. Three design mistakes that have doomed most linkage forks: Kooi Telescopic Forks extend and retract hydraulically. Telescopic Forks (often referred to as Reachforks) provide a unique and innovative solution designed specifically to reduce operational costs. Another method to reduce or eliminate brake dive in telescopic forks is to use a reactive link or torque arm to connect the braking components to the motorcycle frame via the triple clamp.

Basic fork designs use a simple damper-rod system, in which damping is controlled by the passage of fork oil through an orifice. Though cheap to manufacture, it is hard to tune such forks, as they tend to give too little damping at low slider speeds, yet too much damping at higher slider speeds. Any adjustment setting will always be a compromise, giving both over-mushy and over-stiff damping. Since forks act as hydraulic dampers, changing the weight of the fork oil will alter the damping rate. Some telescopic forks have external adjustments for damping. It’s important to remember that operators will also require professional training in the fitting and use of different telescopic forklift attachments. Some types of load transportation, for example suspended loads, require enhanced load planning. Because of this, it’s worth bearing in mind that a telehandler may not be the most suitable machine for a particular task. Telehandler training Engine size– the majority of telehandlers available to rent have diesel engines. The size of your handler will usually dictate the size of its engine; larger machines require more power, so they have bigger engines. You will be able to find out the engine size of different models by viewing the spec or asking the dealer. The BMW R- and K-series combine a shaft-drive contained in the swing arm with a single-sided swingarm, and the combination is marketed as the Paralever. Newer Moto Guzzi motorcycles use a similar arrangement marketed as the CA.R.C. ("CArdano Reattivo Compatto" - Compact Reactive Shaft Drive).While both may have an exposed spring near the triple clamp, a girder fork is distinguishable from a springer fork by the wheel being fixed firmly to the (usually a long diamond shape) upright. The pivot points are short links mounted to the top and bottom triple clamps. The spring is usually mounted to the girder and compressed against the upper triple clamp. McClellan, Don. "The Bike, Yamaha USA". Archived from the original on 2007-05-28 . Retrieved 2006-12-09. Triple tree [ edit ] The upper triple clamp joins the top of the fork tubes and the handlebar to the frame of a Honda 919 While it may have an exposed spring near the triple clamp, a springer fork is distinguishable from a girder fork by its two parallel sets of legs. The rear is firmly fixed to the bottom triple clamp (usually brazed or welded). A short leading link holds the wheel and the forward leg which actuates the springs (usually mounted on the triple clamp). The challenge with designing front linkages is to balance all the parameters, of which there are many more than with a telescopic fork, and there's a lot less R&D to draw upon as a template.