The mental region is located inferior to the mouth. It features the chin, a central structure that overlies mental protuberance of the mandible. The facial muscles are also known as the muscles of the facial expression or the mimetic muscles. These muscles are a group of approximately 20 superficial skeletal muscles of the face and scalp divided into five different groups according to their location and function. These groups include: The frontal region, also known as the forehead, is the most superior region of the face that spreads from the hairline to the eyebrows. It is composed mainly of the frontal bone and the overlying muscles including the procerus, occipitofrontalis, depressor supercilii and corrugator supercillii muscles. The muscles are covered by several fat pads (central, middle and lateral) and skin. Buccolabial (oral) group: Levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, risorius, levator anguli oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis, orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles.

The orbital region contains the eyes and orbits. Eyes are paired spherically-shaped organs situated in the orbits. The orbits are composed of several cranial bones including the frontal bone superiorly, nasal bone medially, maxilla inferomedially and the zygomatic bone inferolaterally. Each eyeball is cushioned by superior, inferior, and lateral fat pads. The orbit is surrounded by a single muscle known as the orbicularis oculi muscle, while the eyes are enveloped and covered by the eyelids which function to protect the eyes from external factors. The orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eyelids on contraction while the levator palpebrae muscle opens the eyelids. The edges of the eyelids are lined with eyelashes. The face plays an important role in communication and the expression of emotions and mood. In addition, the basic shape and other features of the face provide our external identity. Buccolabial group: Levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, risorius, levator anguli oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis, orbicularis oris and buccinator The pathological traits of facial growth are many and quite frequent. Lasting complications include facial disfigurement, difficulties hearing, speaking, eating, swallowing, and breathing. The most common and well-known facial anomalies, known as facial clefts, are listed below:

Bones of the face

The infraorbital region overlies the maxilla, while the zygomatic regions overlie the zygomatic bone. These regions are located lateral to the nose and mark the superior portion of the cheek. The cheek is a prominence that overlies the zygomatic arch and is comprised of muscles and fat. The zygomatic arch is composed of two bones (zygomatic and maxilla). The muscular layer of the cheeks contains several muscles that include the masseter, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, risorius, levator anguli oris and buccinator muscles. The muscles of the cheeks are covered by fat pads and overlying skin. The superior part of the human face extends from the hairline to the inferior margin of the orbit. The lateral margins of this portion extend to the temporal region. The superior part of the face Paired bones: Nasal conchae, nasal bones, maxillae, palatine bones, lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones

The middle part of the face region extends from the lower eyelid superiorly to the superior margin of the upper lip inferiorly. This portion of the face is marked by four regions including the nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic and auricular regions. The basic shape of the human face is determined by the underlying facial skeleton (i.e. viscerocranium), the facial muscles and the amount of subcutaneous tissue present.The oral region surrounds the lips, the most prominent structures in the inferior part of the face. They are divided into two parts: the upper lip and lower lip. The upper lip is associated with the maxilla, while the lower lip, with the mandible. The lips are surrounded mainly by the orbicularis oris muscle which functions in altering the shape of the lips when we speak or eat. The other muscles that facilitate the movements of lips are the risorius, mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, and depressor anguli oris muscles. The movements of the lips allow for actions such as speech, eating, and kissing. The temporal region is composed of the frontal, sphenoid and temporal bones. It is covered mainly by the temporalis muscle and overlying skin. The human face is the most anterior portion of the human head. It refers to the area that extends from the superior margin of the forehead to the chin, and from one ear to another. Oblique facial clefts:When the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the lateral nasal prominence the nasolacrimal duct is exposed.

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Innervation