The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was initiated by Kabila in April 2004. The International Criminal Court prosecutor opened the case in June 2004. Child soldiers have been used on a large scale in DRC, and in 2011 it was estimated that 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. [149] Instances of child labor and forced labor have been observed and reported in the U.S. Department of Labor's Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the DRC in 2013 [150] and six goods produced by the country's mining industry appear on the department's December 2014 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor. Polgreen, Lydia (16 November 2008). "Congo's Riches, Looted by Renegade Troops". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009 . Retrieved 27 March 2010. DR Congo presidential election: Outcry as Tshisekedi named winner". BBC. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 11 February 2019 . Retrieved 11 February 2019.

Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)" (PDF). peacewomen.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007. No elections in DR Congo before April 2018: minister". modernghana.com. 27 November 2016. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016 . Retrieved 27 November 2016. Gonzales, Richard; Schwartz, Matthew S. (9 January 2019). "Surprise Winner Of Congolese Election Is An Opposition Leader". NPR. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019 . Retrieved 11 January 2019. a b c Emizet Francois Kisangani; Scott F. Bobb (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scarecrow Press. p.i. ISBN 978-0-8108-6325-5. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022 . Retrieved 29 April 2016. The DRC has fewer all-weather paved highways than any country of its population and size in Africa— a total of 2,250km (1,400mi), of which only 1,226km (762mi) is in good condition. To put this in perspective, the road distance across the country in any direction is more than 2,500km (1,600mi) (e.g. Matadi to Lubumbashi, 2,700km (1,700mi) by road). The figure of 2,250km (1,400mi) converts to 35km (22mi) of paved road per 1 million of population. Comparative figures for Zambia and Botswana are 721km (448mi) and 3,427km (2,129mi), respectively. [c]ICC Convicts Bemba of War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity". International Justice Resource Center. 29 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016 . Retrieved 30 July 2016. Payanzo, Ntsomo. "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015 . Retrieved 2 October 2015. Foreword by UNDP Administrator", Arab Human Development Report 2022, Arab Human Development Report, United Nations, pp.ii–iii, 29 June 2022, doi: 10.18356/9789210019293c001, ISBN 978-92-1-001929-3 , retrieved 16 January 2023

In 2015, major protests broke out across the country and protesters demanded that Kabila step down as president. The protests began after the passage of a law by the Congolese lower house that, if also passed by the Congolese upper house, would keep Kabila in power at least until a national census was conducted (a process which would likely take several years and therefore keep him in power past the planned 2016 elections, which he is constitutionally barred from participating in). This bill passed; however, it was gutted of the provision that would keep Kabila in power until a census took place. A census is supposed to take place, but it is no longer tied to when the elections take place. In 2015, elections were scheduled for late 2016 and a tenuous peace held in the Congo. [92] Interim Constitution – Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003–2006)". ConstitutionNet. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019 . Retrieved 2 February 2019.Democratic Republic of the Congo Demographic Trends". Open Data for Africa. UN, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. The 2003 transitional constitution [127] had established a parliament with a bicameral legislature, consisting of a Senate and a National Assembly.

List of airlines banned within the EU, Official EC list, updated 20 April 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011. Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo". U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020 . Retrieved 24 April 2011. Kanza, Thomas R. (1994). The Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba: Conflict in the Congo (expandeded.). Rochester, Vermont: Schenkman Books, Inc. ISBN 978-0-87073-901-9. The World Factbook– Country Comparison: Maternal mortality rate". Cia.gov. 2010. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015 . Retrieved 10 March 2015.

Terrorism

Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013–2014" (PDF) (in French). Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique. p.36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 20 April 2018.

Kinshasa – national capital, Democratic Republic of the Congo". britannica.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014 . Retrieved 22 April 2021. DR Congo: Rebels Were Recruited to Crush Protests". Hrw.org. 4 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018 . Retrieved 23 June 2018. a b "Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis | Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021 . Retrieved 18 May 2021. DR Congo M23 rebels 'end insurgency' ". BBC News. 5 November 2013. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013 . Retrieved 5 November 2013.

In June 2010, Oxfam reported a dramatic increase in the number of rapes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and researchers from Harvard discovered that rapes committed by civilians had increased seventeenfold. [168] In June 2014, Freedom from Torture published reported rape and sexual violence being used routinely by state officials in Congolese prisons as punishment for politically active women. [169] The women included in the report were abused in several locations across the country including the capital Kinshasa and other areas away from the conflict zones. [169]