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These are the chieftains in Esau’s family tree. From the sons of Eliphaz, Esau’s firstborn, came the chieftains Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek—the chieftains of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; all of them sons of Adah. Finkelstein, Israel. 2005. Khirbet en-Nahas, Edom and Biblical History. Tel Aviv 32: 119–25. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Dorsey, David A. 1980. The Location of Biblical Makkedah. Tel Aviv 7: 185–93. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Ben-Shlomo, David. 2018. Excavations at Tel Ḥevron, 2017: Ritual Baths and Early Islamic Remains. Judea and Samaria Research Studies 27: 5*–58*. [ Google Scholar] Arnon, Noam. 2009. The Building of Ma’arat Ha-Machpela—The ‘Jewish Mausoleum’: Its Plan, Origins and Significance. Judea and Samaria Research Studies 18: 125–38, (In Hebrew with English abstract). [ Google Scholar]Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom. 2 Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan; Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; 3 And Bashemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth. 4 And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; 5 And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these are the sons of Esau, which were born unto him in the land of Canaan. 6 And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into the country from the face of his brother Jacob. 7 For their riches were more than that they might dwell together; and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because of their cattle. 8 Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom. Porten, Bezalel, and Ada Yardeni. 2006. Social, Economic, and Onomastic Issues in the Aramaic Ostraca of the Fourth Century B.C.E. In Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period. Edited by Oded Lipschits and Manfred Oeming. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 457–59. [ Google Scholar] Eliphaz (Esau’s firstborn) – name means “my god is gold”, one of Job’s oldest friends. His children were:

Sources: NIV, The Message, The NET Bible, King James Version, NET Bible Notes, Faithlife Study Bible, The Apologetics Study Bible, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Jamieson, Fausset, Brown Commentary, The Bible Reader’s Companion, Matthew Henry’s Commentary, Holman Concise Bible Commentary, The Bible Exposition Commentary, The Teacher’s Bible Commentary, The Teacher’s Commentary, The Bible Guide, Word Studies in the New Testament, Holman Bible Handbook, Calvin Commentaries, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines, The New Manner and Customs of the Bible, Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, The Lexham Bible Dictionary, Easton’s Bible Dictionary, Harper’s Bible Dictionary, Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, The Archaeological Encyclopedia, Biblical Archeology Review, The New Bible Dictionary, The Lexham Analytical Lexicon, Glossary of Morpho-Syntactic Database Vriezen, Theodoor Christiaan. 1965. The Edomitic Deity Qaus. Oudtestamentische Studiën 14: 330–53. [ Google Scholar] So this is the family tree of Esau, ancestor of the people of Edom, in the hill country of Seir. The names of Esau’s sons: The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz. (Eliphaz also had a concubine Timna, who had Amalek.) These are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Adah. Dearman, J. Andrew. 1995. Edomite Religion. A Survey and an Examination of Some Recent Contributions. In You Shall Not Abhor an Edomite for He Is Your Brother: Edom and Seir in History and Tradition. Edited by Diana Vikander Edelman. Atlanta: Scholars Press, pp. 119–36. [ Google Scholar]

The History of Edom

Langgut, Dafna, and Oded Lipschits. 2017. Dry Climate During the Early Persian Period and Its Impact on the Establishment of Idumea. Transeuphratène 49: 135–62. [ Google Scholar] Erlich, Adi. 2013. Idumea during the Persian Period in Light of the Terracotta Figurines. Jerusalem and Eretz-Israel 8–9: 35–49. (In Hebrew). [ Google Scholar]

Lemaire, André. 2010. Edom and the Edomites. In The Books of Kings; Sources, Composition, Historiography and Reception. VTsup 129. Edited by André Lemaire and Baruch Halpern. Leiden and Boston: Brill, pp. 225–43. [ Google Scholar] Vainstub, Daniel, and Peter Fabian. 2015. An Idumean Ostracon from Ḥorvat Naḥal Yatir. Israel Exploration Journal 65: 205–13. [ Google Scholar] Dykehouse, Jason. 2013. Biblical Evidence from Obadiah and Psalm 137 for an Edomite Treaty Betrayal of Judah in the Sixth Century B.C.E. Antiguo Oriente 11: 75–128. [ Google Scholar]

Author Services

Porten, Bezalel, and Ada Yardeni. 2009. Dating by Grouping in the Idumean Ostraca: Six Commodity Dossiers Dating to the Transition Years from Artaxerxes II to Artaxerxes III. Eretz-Israel 29: 144*–83*. [ Google Scholar]