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a b c d Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004, pp.7–19, chpt. 1: "Origin and Relationships of Dinosauria" by Michael J. Benton. Zhou, Z.-H.; Wang, Y. (2017). "Vertebrate assemblages of the Jurassic Yanliao Biota and the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: Comparisons and implications". Palaeoworld. 26 (2): 241–252. doi: 10.1016/j.palwor.2017.01.002. Benton, M.J. (1998). "Dinosaur fossils with soft parts" (PDF). Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 13 (8): 303–304. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01420-7. PMID 21238317. Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2007). Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages. Illustrated by Luis V. Rey. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7. LCCN 2006102491. OCLC 77486015 . Retrieved October 22, 2019. Restoration of four macronarian sauropods: from left to right Camarasaurus, Brachiosaurus, Giraffatitan, and EuhelopusCrane, George R. (ed.). "Greek Dictionary Headword Search Results". Perseus 4.0. Medford and Somerville, MA: Tufts University . Retrieved October 13, 2019. Lemma for ' δεινός' from Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (1940): 'fearful, terrible'. a b Langer, Max C.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Da Rosa, Átila A.S. (May 2018). "U-Pb age constraints on dinosaur rise from south Brazil". Gondwana Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 57: 133–140. Bibcode: 2018GondR..57..133L. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2018.01.005. ISSN 1342-937X. Mayr, Gerald (2009). Paleogene Fossil Birds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-89628-9. ISBN 978-3-540-89627-2. LCCN 2008940962. OCLC 916182693. S2CID 88941254 . Retrieved October 30, 2019. Lambert, David; The Diagram Group (1990). The Dinosaur Data Book: The Definitive, Fully Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-75896-8. LCCN 89092487. OCLC 21833417 . Retrieved October 14, 2019. Restoration of four ceratopsids: top left – Triceratops, top right – Styracosaurus, bottom left – Anchiceratops, bottom right – Chasmosaurus.

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Scholarly descriptions of what would now be recognized as dinosaur bones first appeared in the late 17th century in England. Part of a bone, now known to have been the femur of a Megalosaurus, [43] was recovered from a limestone quarry at Cornwell near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, in 1676. The fragment was sent to Robert Plot, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford and first curator of the Ashmolean Museum, who published a description in his The Natural History of Oxford-shire (1677). [44] He correctly identified the bone as the lower extremity of the femur of a large animal, and recognized that it was too large to belong to any known species. He, therefore, concluded it to be the femur of a huge human, perhaps a Titan or another type of giant featured in legends. [45] [46] Edward Lhuyd, a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, published Lithophylacii Britannici ichnographia (1699), the first scientific treatment of what would now be recognized as a dinosaur when he described and named a sauropod tooth, " Rutellum impicatum", [47] [48] that had been found in Caswell, near Witney, Oxfordshire. [49] Sir Richard Owen's coining of the word dinosaur, in the 1842 revised version of his talk at an 1841 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Fourth trochanter (projection where the caudofemoralis muscle attaches on the inner rear shaft) on the femur (thigh bone) is a sharp flange Osborn, H.F. (1912). "Integument of the iguanodont dinosaur Trachodon". Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. 1: 33–54.

Vinther, J.; Nicholls, R.; Lautenschlager, S.; Pittman, M.; Kaye, T.G.; Rayfield, E.; Mayr, G.; Cuthill, I.C. (2016). "3D Camouflage in an Ornithischian Dinosaur". Current Biology. 26 (18): 2456–2462. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.065. PMC 5049543. PMID 27641767. Schweitzer, M.H.; Lindgren, J.; Moyer, A.E. (2015). "Melanosomes and ancient coloration re-examined: a response to Vinther 2015 (DOI 10.1002/bies.201500018)". BioEssays. 37 (11): 1174–1183. doi: 10.1002/bies.201500061. PMID 26434749. S2CID 45178498. Gunther, Robert Theodore, ed. (1968) [First printed in Oxford 1945]. Life and Letters of Edward Lhwyd. Early Science in Oxford. Vol.XIV. Preface by Albert Everard Gunther (Reprinted.). London: Dawsons of Pall Mall. ISBN 978-0-7129-0292-2. LCCN 22005926. OCLC 43529321 . Retrieved November 4, 2019. Dinosaur bones 'used as medicine' ". BBC News. London: BBC. July 6, 2007. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019 . Retrieved November 4, 2019. Marsicano, C.A.; Irmis, R.B.; Mancuso, A.C.; Mundil, R.; Chemale, F. (2015). "The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (3): 509–513. Bibcode: 2016PNAS..113..509M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1512541112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4725541. PMID 26644579.

The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, which occurred approximately 66million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous, caused the extinction of all dinosaur groups except for the neornithine birds. Some other diapsid groups, including crocodilians, dyrosaurs, sebecosuchians, turtles, lizards, snakes, sphenodontians, and choristoderans, also survived the event. [126] Elasmaria (mostly southern ornithopods with mineralized plates along the ribs; may be thescelosaurids) Paleontologist Phil Senter has suggested that since non-avian dinosaurs did not have a syrinx, and their next closest living relatives, crocodilians, use the larynx, they could not vocalize as the common ancestor would have been mute. He states that they mostly on visual displays and possibly non-vocal acoustic sounds like hissing, jaw grinding or clapping, splashing and wing beating (possible in winged maniraptoran dinosaurs). [179] Other researchers have countered that vocalizations also exist in turtles, the closest relatives of archosaurs, suggesting that the trait is ancestral to their lineage. In addition, vocal communication in dinosaurs is indicated by the development of advanced hearing in nearly all major groups. Hence the syrinx may have supplemented and then replaced the larynx as a vocal organ rather than there being a "silent period" in bird evolution. [183] a b Amiot, Romain; Buffetaut, Éric; Lécuyer, Christophe; etal. (2010). "Oxygen isotope evidence for semi-aquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods". Geology. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America. 38 (2): 139–142. Bibcode: 2010Geo....38..139A. doi: 10.1130/G30402.1. ISSN 0091-7613.Hadrosauriformes (ancestrally had a thumb spike; large quadrupedal herbivores, with teeth merged into dental batteries) Langer, Max C.; Abdala, Fernando; Richter, Martha; Benton, Michael J. (1999). "Un dinosaure sauropodomorphe dans le Trias supérieur (Carnien) du Sud du Brésil" [A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carman) of southern Brazil]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. Amsterdam: Elsevier on behalf of the French Academy of Sciences. 329 (7): 511–517. Bibcode: 1999CRASE.329..511L. doi: 10.1016/S1251-8050(00)80025-7. ISSN 1251-8050.