Fortress of the Muslim (Pocket Size)

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While the walls and rooms of the Alhambra are devoid of furnishings today, they would have originally been decorated and filled with many objects such as carpets, floor cushions, and tapestries or similar objects to be hung on the walls. [227] The custom of sitting on the ground explains why some of the windows in the miradors (lookout rooms) were situated so low, where the eyeline of seated persons would be. [227]

In the space between the former mosque and the Palace of the Lions stood the Rawda (spelled Rauda in Spanish), the royal mausoleum of the Nasrids. The term rawda (Arabic: الروضة) means 'garden' in Arabic, but a number of historic Islamic necropolises or cemeteries were known by this name, including the necropolis of the former Umayyad rulers in Cordoba. [208] [214] The Nasrid mausoleum was first built by Isma'il I in the early 14th century, [40] [208] though an earlier cemetery may have already existed there previously. [214] The structure no longer stands today but it has been studied by archeologists and its foundations are still visible. [215] The necropolis consisted of a rectangular enclosure which was accessed through a small horseshoe-arch gate preserved today on its north side. Inside the enclosure was a square mausoleum chamber covered by a roof with a central square lantern. (The presence of the lantern is indicated by the remains of four pillars in the center of the structure.) Some rectangular rooms were adjoined to the side of this chamber. The mausoleum was preceded by a rectangular courtyard. This layout was similar to some earlier mausoleums in North Africa and to the later Saadian Tombs in Marrakesh. [17] [214] Like the nearby mosque, the mausoleum was aligned with the qibla. It was decorated with carved stucco and tilework, remains of which have been uncovered in excavations. The windows of the central lantern were closed with wooden latticework, an example of which is preserved in the Alhambra Museum today. [214]Lowney, Chris (2005). A Vanished World: Medieval Spain's Golden Age of Enlightenment. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc.

Ruggles, D. Fairchild (1992). "The gardens of the Alhambra and the concept of the garden in Islamic Spain". In Jerrilynn Dodds (ed.). Al-Andalus: The Arts of Islamic Spain. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum. pp.163–171. ISBN 978-0-87099-636-8. Fernández Puertas, Antonio (1997). The Alhambra. Vol 1: From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354). Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-466-6. Zozaya, Juan (1992). "The Fortifications of Al-Andalus". In Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.). Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp.63–74. ISBN 0870996371. Kenny, Daniel (1875). "Illustrated Cincinnati". Stevens. p.106. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022 . Retrieved 19 May 2013.Courtyard of Lindaraja Architecture [ edit ] General design [ edit ] Mullioned windows of the Hall of the Two Sisters in the Alhambra, by Jean Laurent, c. 1874. Stucco decoration can be seen on the upper walls while geometric tile mosaic is seen below. López, Jesús Bermúdez (2011). The Alhambra and the Generalife: Official Guide. TF Editores. ISBN 9788492441129. a b c d M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Ceramics; IV. 1250–1500; D. Spain and North Africa.". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. a b c "Mariano Contreras Granja | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022 . Retrieved 25 February 2022.

Fernández Puertas, Antonio (1998). The Alhambra. Vol 2: (1354–1391). Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-467-3. Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2008). "Alhambra," in Encyclopaedia of Islam, third edition. Leiden: E. J. Brill. The Mamluk fort was built 1 kilometre south of Early Muslim Ayla and Denys Pringle credited in 1997 the first structure to Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad (c. 1320). [3] However, the still standing building is dated mainly to two construction phases, based on two inscriptions from the gatehouse: one runs the length of the vaulted room inside the gate and praises Mamluk sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh Al-Ghuri (r. 1501–1516), [3] and the second belongs to a medallion set above the first and is dedicated to Ottoman sultan Murad III who undertook substantial work in 1587. [4] [5] Purpose [ edit ] The main approach to the Alhambra today is through the Alhambra Woods in the valley on its south side. The outer entrance to the woods is through the Puerta de las Granadas ('Gate of the Pomegranates'), a formal Renaissance-style gate built in 1536 over the remains of an earlier Islamic-era gate. [220] Within the woods is the Puerta de Birambla (from Arabic Bab al-Ramla), one of the former Islamic-era gates in Granada's city walls which was demolished between 1873 and 1884 and then reconstructed here in 1933. [221] To the south of the Puerta de las Granadas are the Torres Bermejas ('Vermilion Towers'), a group of three adjacent towers on the Mauror Hill. Their origin is not clear, but the oldest remains found here date from the late 8th century or early 9th century. [222] They may have been inhabited by Muhammad I (the founder of the Nasrid dynasty). In the 16th century, during the Christian Spanish era, an artillery bastion was added to them on the northwest side. [223]Invocation for when something you dislike happens, or for when you fail to achieve what you attempt to do Court of the Myrtles". Alhambra de Granada. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016 . Retrieved 18 February 2022. The name barca is assumed to derive from the Arabic word baraka, meaning "blessing", which is included in the inscriptions around the hall. [150] [153] [154] [155]

The Partal". Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 . Retrieved 28 November 2020. Wilmert, Todd (2010). "Alhambra Palace Architecture: An Environmental Consideration of Its Inhabitation". Muqarnas. 27: 157–188. doi: 10.1163/22118993_02701008. Today I tried searching for this app again and found it alhamdulilah. I’m going to immediately delete the other app. Lol a b c d Bush, Olga (2009). "The Writing on the Wall: Reading the Decoration of the Alhambra". Muqarnas. 26: 119–148. doi: 10.1163/22118993-90000146. López, Jesús Bermúdez (2011b). "The Alhambra". In Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter (eds.). Islam: Art and Architecture. h.f.ullmann. pp.279–297. ISBN 9783848003808.a b c d García-Pulido, Luis José (20 June 2016). "The Mastery in Hydraulic Techniques for Water Supply at the Alhambra". Journal of Islamic Studies. 27 (3): 355–382. doi: 10.1093/jis/etw016. ISSN 0955-2340. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018 . Retrieved 19 November 2018. During the reign of the Nasrid Dynasty, the Alhambra was transformed into a palatine city, complete with an irrigation system composed of aqueducts and water channels that provided water for the complex and for other nearby countryside palaces such as the Generalife. [36] [37] Previously, the old fortresses on the hill had been dependent on rainwater collected from the cistern near the Alcazaba and on what could be brought up from the Darro River below. [37] [38] The creation of the Sultan's Canal (Arabic: ساقلتة السلطان, romanized: Saqiyat al-Sultan), which brought water from the mountains to the east, solidified the identity of the Alhambra as a palace-city rather than a defensive and ascetic structure. This first hydraulic system was expanded afterwards and included two long water channels and several sophisticated elevation devices to bring water onto the plateau. [37] Fournier, Caroline (2016). Les Bains d'al-Andalus: VIIIe-XVe siècle. Histoire. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. ISBN 9782753555457. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022 . Retrieved 11 February 2022. M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Architecture; VI. c. 1250–c. 1500; D. Western Islamic lands". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.