The city also has the most pubs per capita in Germany. [66] Cologne is well known for its beer, called Kölsch. Kölsch is also the name of the local dialect. This has led to the common joke of Kölsch being the only language one can drink. The Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn has 5 lines which cross Cologne. The S13/S19 runs 24/7 between Cologne Hbf and Cologne/Bonn airport. As the largest city in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, Cologne benefits from a large market structure. [71] In competition with Düsseldorf, the economy of Cologne is primarily based on insurance and media industries, [72] while the city is also an important cultural and research centre and home to a number of corporate headquarters. In 1945 architect and urban planner Rudolf Schwarz called Cologne the "world's greatest heap of rubble". Schwarz designed the master plan for reconstruction in 1947, which included the construction of several new thoroughfares through the city centre, especially the Nord-Süd-Fahrt ("North-South-Drive"). The master plan took into consideration the fact that even shortly after the war a large increase in automobile traffic could be anticipated. Plans for new roads had already, to a certain degree, evolved under the Nazi administration, but the actual construction became easier when most of the city centre was in ruins.

Cologne University of Applied Sciences ( "Technology, Arts, Sciences TH KöLN" Technische Hochschule Köln); There were 551,528 women and 527,773 men in Cologne. In 2021, there were 11,127 births in Cologne; 5,844 marriages and 1,808 divorces, and 10,536 deaths. In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older. 203 people in Cologne were over the age of 100. [45] If you’ve read up to this point, you already know how this goes. This is the part where I admit that I was wrong. I’m now convinced that Glenfiddich IPA is exactly what this brand needs. When you have a collection of over a hundred whiskies in your whisky cabinet, you’re less likely to reach for that Glenfiddich 12 or even the much beloved Glenfiddich 15. They’re good whiskies. But are they interesting whiskies? Is IPA technically a better whisky then the Glenfiddich 15 Year Old Solera? Probably not. Is it more interesting to drink than the 15? It is! a b "Productions 'made in Cologne' ". Cologne Tourism. Archived from the original on 8 August 2010 . Retrieved 22 April 2011. Prior to World War II, the city had undergone occupations by the French (1794–1815) and the British (1918–1926), and was part of Prussia beginning in 1815. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II. [4] The bombing reduced the population by 93% mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire millennia-old city center. The post-war rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed cityscape, restoring only major historic landmarks like city gates and churches (31 of them being Romanesque).Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe (KVB)". Kvb-koeln.de. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008 . Retrieved 24 July 2009. The dominant wildlife of Cologne is insects, small rodents, and several species of birds. Pigeons are the most often seen animals in Cologne, although the number of birds is augmented each year by a growing population of feral exotics, most visibly parrots such as the rose-ringed parakeet. The sheltered climate in southeast Northrhine-Westphalia allows these birds to survive through the winter, and in some cases, they are displacing native species. The plumage of Cologne's green parrots is highly visible even from a distance, and contrasts starkly with the otherwise muted colours of the cityscape. [58] The inner city of Cologne was largely destroyed during World War II. The reconstruction of the city followed the style of the 1950s, while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets. Thus, the city centre today is characterized by modern architecture, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example, the opera house by Wilhelm Riphahn, are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture. [ citation needed] Nevertheless, the uncompromising style of the Cologne Opera house and other modern buildings has remained controversial. [ citation needed] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cologne". knight.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019 . Retrieved 20 April 2019. tallest building in Germany from 1973 to 1976. Today, it is still the country's second tallest residential building.

Lipshiz, Cnaan (10 December 2018). "Soviet immigration, once a bane of Germany's Jews, has become their salvation". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018 . Retrieved 29 October 2020. As the first experiment in our series, Malt Master Brian Kinsman worked in collaboration with craft beer expert and brewer, Seb Jones to create a bespoke IPA. The beer was used to create a sublime, hoppy finish for our bourbon-aged single malt. We talked to Seb to discover more about his side of the story. a b c d e f "From Ubii village to metropolis". City of Cologne. Archived from the original on 17 April 2012.English - WFMG - Wirtschaftsförderung Mönchengladbach GMBH". Archived from the original on 5 July 2018 . Retrieved 4 July 2018.

Bruce, S.G. (2010). Ecologies and Economies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Studies in Environmental History for Richard C. Hoffmann. Brill. p. 48. ISBN 978-90-04-18007-9 . Retrieved 5 October 2014. Several horse races per year are held at Cologne-Weidenpesch Racecourse since 1897, the annual Cologne Marathon was started in 1997 and the classic cycling race Rund um Köln is organised in Cologne since 1908. The city also has a long tradition in rowing, being home of some of Germany's oldest regatta courses and boat clubs, such as the Kölner Rudergesellschaft 1891 or the Kölner Ruderverein von 1877 in the Rodenkirchen district. World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023 . Retrieved 12 October 2023.North Rhine-Westphalia features 30 of the 81 German municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants, including Cologne (over 1 million), the state capital Düsseldorf, Dortmund and Essen (all about 550,000 inhabitants) and other cities predominantly located in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area, the largest urban area in Germany and the fourth-largest on the European continent. The location of the Rhine-Ruhr at the heart of the European Blue Banana makes it well connected to other major European cities and metropolitan areas like the Randstad, the Flemish Diamond and the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region. a b c d e f "Economy". KölnTourismus. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010 . Retrieved 18 April 2011. The economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were characterised by the city's status as a major harbour and transport hub on the Rhine. Craftsmanship was organised by self-administering guilds, some of which were exclusive to women. The politics of North Rhine-Westphalia takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. The two main parties are, as on the federal level, the centre-right Christian Democratic Union and the centre-left Social Democratic Party. From 1966 to 2005, North Rhine-W

Since 2009, the territory of Mönchengladbach has comprised four (previously ten) boroughs which are subdivided into 44 districts. [3] The permanent tensions between the Roman Catholic Rhineland and the overwhelmingly Protestant Prussian state repeatedly escalated with Cologne being in the focus of the conflict. In 1837 the archbishop of Cologne, Clemens August von Droste-Vischering, was arrested and imprisoned for two years after a dispute over the legal status of marriages between Protestants and Roman Catholics ( Mischehenstreit). In 1874, during the Kulturkampf, Archbishop Paul Melchers was imprisoned before taking asylum in the Netherlands. These conflicts alienated the Catholic population from Berlin and contributed to a deeply felt anti-Prussian resentment, which was still significant after World War II, when the former mayor of Cologne, Konrad Adenauer, became the first West German chancellor. In 1959, the city's population reached pre-war numbers again. It then grew steadily, exceeding 1 million for about one year from 1975. It remained just below that until mid-2010, when it exceeded 1 million again. Carnival – Cologne's "fifth season" – Cologne Sights & Events – Stadt Köln". 26 January 2008. Archived from the original on 25 January 2008 . Retrieved 24 July 2009. Ehrenstraße – the shopping area around Apostelnstrasse, Ehrenstrasse, and Rudolfplatz is a little more on the quirky and stylish side.Wahlperiode" (in German). City of Cologne. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011 . Retrieved 15 April 2011. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Cologne absorbed numerous surrounding towns, and by World War I had already grown to 700,000 inhabitants. Industrialisation changed the city and spurred its growth. Vehicle and engine manufacturing was especially successful, though the heavy industry was less ubiquitous than in the Ruhr area. The cathedral, started in 1248 but abandoned around 1560, was eventually finished in 1880 not just as a place of worship but also as a German national monument celebrating the newly founded German empire and the continuity of the German nation since the Middle Ages. Some of this urban growth occurred at the expense of the city's historic heritage with much being demolished (for example, the city walls or the area around the cathedral) and sometimes replaced by contemporary buildings. According to legend, the horse in the Westphalian coat of arms is the horse that the Saxon leader Widukind rode after his baptism. Other theories attribute the horse to Henry the Lion. Some connect it with the Germanic rulers Hengist and Horsa. [ citation needed] Geography edit Geographic map of North Rhine-Westphalia