The Twisted Monk is dedicated to providing welcoming, friendly, and practical information and educational material. Our Getting Started videos cover a variety of basic ties to provide you with a myriad of possibilities. We are proud to provide not only great rope but also engaging, clear, and easy to follow instructions. Taylor says creating federal best practices that agencies must follow would improve police interactions with the communities they serve.

Obesity has also been a variable of concern. While previous studies had shown no cardiac or ventilatory changes in healthy subjects in the PMRP, Sloane et al. postulated that perhaps increased abdominal mass could lead to a restrictive lung pattern in the restraint position. 28 The study examined 10 adult subjects with a BMI greater than 30. Ve, end-tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation were measured in subjects in the PMRP while they recovered after reaching 85% of maximum heart rate on an exercise bike. The study found no significant changes in Ve, oxygen saturation, or end-tidal CO2 between the three positions and thus no clinically significant differences. There were some minor changes in heart rate and end-tidal CO2 at the 15-min mark, but these were not statistically significant. The authors admitted that despite subjects all being over a BMI of 30, abdominal girth was not measured.In a unique study, Chan et al. hypothesized that pepper spray could worsen ventilatory function through laryngospasm, upper airway restriction, edema, or bronchoconstriction. 31 This potential compromise in ventilatory function could in theory lead to clinical decline when in the PMRP, which had previously been shown to cause a restrictive lung pattern. Thirty-four healthy adult subjects were tested with initial measurements showing the previously demonstrated restrictive pattern in the PMRP. Subjects were then exposed to a spray of oleoresin capsaicin pepper spray under a hood which they inhaled for 5s. Repeat spirometry after exposure showed no significant changes in FEV1 or FVC, with no evidence of hypoxia or hypercarbia. The authors did add that subjects were not under any form of exertion during the trial which could have provided a more realistic scenario. Furthermore, the spray was inhaled in a hood rather than sprayed directly on the face as it was thought such a method would ensure more interaction with the pulmonary system. The study did not exclude patients with pre-existing conditions and actually included a small number with asthma, smoking history, or other lung disease. Although there were no significant differences in results among this population, the sample size was too small to draw conclusions from and was thought to be an interesting avenue to pursue in the future. Smith's friends and family were suspicious. Marcus was homeless and struggled with substance abuse, but they knew him as unfailingly polite and upbeat. Nine days after his death, an outreach worker for the homeless wrote Scott and the city council and asked "how such a beautiful life could come to such an abrupt end." The letter requested the public release of body camera video and all pertinent information, and said, "Chief Scott, we need answers." Effect of Position and Weight Force on Inferior Vena Cava Diameter – Implications for Arrest-Related Death (2011) Vanessa Peoples poses for a portrait with her sons Tamaj (7), Mahjae (6) and Zamari (11 months) outside her home in Aurora, CO, May 13, 2021. Kevin Mohatt/NBC News Then-Interim Chief of Police Vanessa Wilson, who is now chief, called the incident “egregious” and fired the officer.

He said the only time police should use any type of maximal restraint is for people who are "not just belligerent, but dangerously resistant to being arrested." Rope allows for restraint in ways that cuffs can't, like this easy Chest-to-Leg technique. Chest-to-leg "shrimp" ties and hog-ties are easily done with any of our intermediate kits: That’s how my brother died,” said Kimberly Smith, his younger sister, who watched the video later. “He died like an animal.” The Single Limb Cuff in this video was done in a single 10 foot piece of 8mm. The Basic Chest Harness supports the chest and creates an ideal anchor point. Police say that at times, officers must restrain individuals who can’t be secured any other way and who would otherwise pose a danger to themselves and those around them. Experts say this non-prone position allows police to transport people without the risks of hogtying them.

What are Hogtie Restraints?

The hobble carries many risks, according to Keith Taylor, a 23-year veteran of the NYPD and now a professor at John Jay School of Criminal Justice. Officers know next to nothing about a person’s health, and there are serious outcomes when police immobilize an unhealthy person in a high-stress situation. Obesity, heart conditions, and drugs all can raise the chances of death. It was terrifying, the only thing Marcus wanted was help,” he said. “I don’t know where they got the suicidal or combative or collapsing from. I didn’t see none of that.” The feet are a very powerful weapon and the legs are a very powerful weapon, especially if you have someone that is in an excited state,” DeVane said.

As more scrutiny has been placed on Aurora’s use of the hobble in recent years, the directives in the department’s manual have changed and become more detailed. Evaluation of the ventilatory Effects of the Prone Maximum Restraint (PMR) Position on Obese Human Subjects (2014) An easy and effective hogtie achieved by combining a chest harness, one column, and two column ties. Investigators have also postulated that death from positional restraint could be mediated by cardiovascular parameters. In particular, it has been theorized that increased intraabdominal pressure could reduce venous return leading to cardiopulmonary compromise. Roegella's previously mentioned 1997 paper also examined the cardiac function of subjects in the hobble restraint. 14 The study showed significant decreases in cardiac output, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in the prone hobble vs. prone sitting position. The investigators hypothesized that the decreases in blood pressure and cardiac output could be attributed to decreased venous return from an increase in intrathoracic pressure. However, it is important to note that only 6 subjects were included in the trial. Furthermore, cardiac parameters were measured using a non-invasive Porta-Pres with cardiac output inferred by pulse curve analysis. Systolic blood pressure was measured in five studies, of which four applied weight to subjects. No clinically significant effects on systolic blood pressure were found.Tom Manger, former police chief in Montgomery County, Maryland, and former president of the Major Cities Chiefs Association, says that in his 42 years as an officer he’s only seen the hobble used a handful of times.