A number of studies have investigated Holy Basil’s ability to reduce infections due to bacteria. Much of this antibacterial character of Holy Basil is due to eugenol. Eugenol has undergone study in other venues as a proven antimicrobial substance. For example, a 2015 study from Brazil’s University Federal de Alfenas found that eugenol was antimicrobial against Salmonella typhimurium and Micrococcus luteus – both infective bacteria. Carneiro, H.C.F.; Tonon, R.V.; Grosso, C.R.F.; Hubinger, M.D. Encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of flaxseed oil microencapsulated by spray drying using different combinations of wall materials. J. Food Eng. 2013, 115, 443–451. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Ndlela, S.; Mohamed, S.; Ndegwa, P.; Ong’Amo, G.; Ekesi, S. Male annihilation technique using methyl eugenol for field suppression of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)(Diptera: Tephritidae) on mango in Kenya. Afr. Entomol. 2016, 24, 437–447. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Once your paste has reached the desired consistency, you can store it in the refrigerator for up to two weeks or freeze it in ice cube trays for later use. No ice cube trays? No worries. You can also freeze your paste by spreading it onto a cookie sheet or baking pan lined with wax or parchment paper. Before you pop the pan into the freezer, use a butter knife to score the paste into squares that will be easy to break apart once it’s frozen. After freezing, place your cubes or squares into labeled zip top baggies or airtight containers. Cholesterol medications: Holy basil may have cholesterol-lowering effects. This may have additive effects or increase the side effects of your cholesterol-lowering medications, such as Lipitor (atorvastatin). Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Metse AP, Drummond PD. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of an Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) extract (HolixerTM) on stress, mood, and sleep in adults experiencing stress. Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 2;9:965130. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965130 Thankfully cooking tempeh is quite straightforward and very easy (easier than getting that tofu crispy!). For allergens, including cereals containing gluten, see ingredients in bold. May contain molluscs and crustaceans.Fezza, T.J.; Shelly, T.E. Comparative dispersal and survival of male Oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from wild and genetic sexing strains. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. 2020, 41, 751–757. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Have you noticed tubes of herb paste in the fresh produce department of your grocery store and wondered if there was an advantage to using an herbal paste over fresh or dried herbs? Red and Green Chilies: Bird’s eye is preferred as it’s what they use in Thailand. These beautiful tiny chilies are HOT! So be sure to adjust the amount to taste. You could also deseed them to make this dish milder. If you can’t find bird’s eye chilies easily where you live, Holland chilies or any other small chilies will work fine. I truly think you guys are going to love this dish and appreciate how simple and easy it is to make at home. Avetisyan, A.; Markosian, A.; Petrosyan, M.; Sahakyan, N.; Babayan, A.; Aloyan, S.; Trchounian, A. Chemical composition and some biological activities of the essential oils from basil Ocimum different cultivars. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017, 17, 1–8. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version]

A study from India’s Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine tested extracts of Holy Basil against antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhi and found the Tulsi significantly reduced these strong contagious bacteria. They stated in their conclusion: Metcalf, R.L.; Metcalf, E.R.; Mitchell, W.C.; Lee, L.W. Evolution of olfactory receptor in Oriental fruit fly Dacus dorsalis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1979, 76, 1561–1565. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] That said, a few commenters on those recipes felt very passionately about our basil usage, suggesting—demanding—that we use holy basil in our recipes. The translation of “Pad Kra Pao,” is apparently “holy basil stir-fry,” so you can’t (technically) make the dish without this key ingredient. Hosseini, A.; Jafari, S.M.; Mirzaei, H.; Asghari, A.; Akhavan, S. Application of image processing to assess emulsion stability and emulsification properties of Arabic gum. Carbohydr. Polym. 2015, 126, 1–8. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]While we might love the aromatic flavour of leafy green basil, this popular herb has been used for centuries. Holy basil, also known as tulsi, is a variety of basil famed for its reported health benefits and religious sanctity. 2 But what is it? And is it worth adding to your health and wellness routine? We’ve got everything you need to know below. What is holy basil? Pad kra pao literally means "holy basil stir fry," so the holy basil is the key ingredient here. This recipe uses ground beef, but can be made with any kind of protein. Of all Thai stir fries, this is one of the easiest to make, and a great weeknight recipe as minimal prep is required. And it's gluten free! Ingredients

While you might be tempted to use Thai basil as a substitute because it's...well...Thai, in my experience, you're better off using regular basil, also known as Italian basil. The flavour of Thai basil is so distinct from holy basil that you will end up with a dish that tastes quite different (though still tasty). Good old regular Italian basil is my preferred substitute for holy basil. It's also much easier to find! Zheljazkov, V.D.; Callahan, A.; Cantrell, C.L. Yield and oil composition of 38 basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions grown in Mississippi. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 241–245. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] The correct placement of the R is in the last syllable, so ka-prao and ga-prao are variations of the correct pronunciation. But because many more Thai words start with kra- than ka-, it's common for Thai people to say kra- pao instead out of habit.Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] is defined as the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation ( 9). Compared to Thai basil, holy basil has a fragrance that is less floral and more peppery; which is why it’s paired with very spicy dishes like pad kra pao or jungle curry.The aroma is always hard to describe, but trust me when I say the two smell quite different. Thai basil

Red Chilies (Bird’s eye preferred, but Holland chilies will work too.), to taste– deseeded if desired and cut into halves or thirds depending on length Blood thinners: In animal studies, holy basil slowed blood clotting time. Because your body will take longer to stop the bleeding, you may also bleed longer. This means that holy basil may interact with other blood thinners, such as Coumadin (warfarin). If the basil isn't gonna last, and you don't really need anymore food yet, here's my go-to way to save any wilting basil from going bad: I make an all-purpose Thai basil sauce which can be stored in the fridge for at least a week and even frozen. When you're ready to eat, simply pour it over any cooked protein, or use it as a stirfry sauce. It is truly delicious and versatile! Watch The Full Video Tutorial! Serve!: Transfer to a serving dish/bowl and serve immediately with warm steamed rice! Serve Prik Nam Pla, or a simple mixture of chopped red and green chilies and fish sauce on the side if desired.Or you could serve it with just chopped chilies and fish sauce like I did in the photos if you prefer. But these side sauces are totally optional. INGREDIENTS Antioxidant-rich ingredients also help combat environmental stressors such as UV rays and pollution, two of the main causes of pigmentation. Eczema One might be tempted to compare Tulsi to Culinary Basil – Ocimum basilicum. Holy Basil, however, is quite different. A 2014 DNA sequencing study was conducted at the CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants genetically compared the two species. The research found significant genetic differences between the two species. While they may share a few of their constituents, their genetic sequences have significant differences. Make it gluten-free: Use Tamari, a gluten-free soy sauce, or coconut aminos in place of the light soy sauce. Also use a gluten-free sweet soy sauce such as a gluten-free kecap manis, as well as a gluten-free oyster sauce.