The introduction of structural optimization in the design process may support the designers’ creativity, improving the design quality, as in Müller et al. (1999). Some recent studies explore structural form-finding methods to explore morphological and structural conceptual variants. He et al. (2022) moved a step forward to aesthetics, by proposing a methodology to produce multiple high-performance designs with distinct topologies, with practical applications in architecture and engineering, where the structural complexity usually needs to be controlled to balance the aesthetic, functional, economical, and other considerations. A similar approach is proposed by Lin et al. (2021), by integrating TO and parametric design theory, combined with multi criteria decision-making analysis. They efficiently obtain several architectural morphologies with both structural rationality and aesthetic rules, which lead to the exploration of design alternatives. Yu et al. (2022) proposed a structural form-finding method based on principal stress lines by using parametric tools to extrapolate component forms during the conceptual stage. The method allows architects to create structural texture with formal aesthetics and modify it in real time on the basis of structural analysis results. Again, Xiaoyu et al. (2021) proposed the conceptual and aesthetical design of the pylons of cable-stayed bridges using a new form finding method, considering aesthetic rules and morphologic feature from local culture to achieve harmony between the bridge and the environment. This last work is consistent with the goal of our work but is limited to the early design phase. Furthermore, Li Y. et al. (2022) proposed a framework to generate rapid design and performance evaluation of triangular/quadrilateral grids for free-form structure design that, compared with TO, can better meet the requirements of architectural aesthetics and industrial production. However, the resulting grids consisted of conceptual designs without further developments. Turnbull and Gourlay (1987) proposed for the first time a computer-based method for visual impact analysis: the proposed software application was able to evaluate alternative structures (e.g., transmission line pylons) based on data collection, visibility, and visualization requirements. This application suffers strongly from limitations because of the computer graphics available in the eighties; to the authors’ knowledge, there have been no updates.

It was impressive to see them collectively struggle though engine issues, airframe breakages, and trim problems, yet they relentlessly stayed the course until they achieved their goal of gold. Well done! If it’s being fed onto the transmission network, it enters a transmission substation where it passes through a supergrid transformer that steps it up into high-voltage electricity – up to 400,000 volts (400kV). This ensures greater efficiency and less energy loss as it travels around the national grid.Official practice started Tuesday, but it was delayed by rain. It briefly abated and the Japanese team went out first. At 11 a.m., a pounding rain squall occurred. It was hard to even hear each other inside of the big tent. I have been flying since the age of six starting with Free Flight and moving through Control Line to Radio Control. The analysis of the state-of-the-art highlights the common trend in the design of electric pylons is the achievement of a very high level of structural efficiency. Recently, new structures have been developed to consider the aesthetical morphology of attractive and sinuous shapes, but without completely adopting the guidelines in Reed (2011) and the conclusions in Devine-Wright and Batel (2013). For this purpose, the new structures should be designed by identifying specific requirements regarding the impact, depending on whether the facility is to be integrated into high-interest landscape regions, protected areas, or urban contexts.

The typical lattice structures, even if they are optimized in terms of cost of material, loads, transportation, erection, and maintenance, are perceived with a negative visual impact. All persons attending a sale under the conduct of the Auctioneers - whether at their saleroom or elsewhere - shall be deemed to be on the land and premises at their own risk and shall have no claim against the Auctioneers or their principles in respect of the cancellation / postponement of a sale or any loss, accident or injury to themselves or any property however occurred in so far that the same is proven to have been caused by direct negligence of an employee(s) of the firm The course is triangular with two 180-meter long sides and a short side of 40 meters. One lap has a geometrical length of 400 meters, but in practice, the distance flown will be longer because the models fly with a turning radius of 15 to 25 meters around the course. The course is marked by three pylons, each with a height of 5 meters. In each race, three models will simultaneously fly 10 laps. Through these steps, the proposed methodology for new pylons design advantageously tries to implement the abovementioned recommendations to enhance their inevitable visual impact on the landscape while maintaining the traditional requirements. 3 Case study: Electricity pylon for a 380-kv line for the coastal territory of Italy In the design of electricity pylons, the first type is related to the legislative and standard context. In contrast, the second type is associated with the impact and integration with the geographical area of installation.

All about electricity pylons and electricity supply

The visual impact depends on the landscape, position of the pylon, viewpoint of the observer and the contrast between the structure and its surroundings.

You might have noticed that pylons in the UK come in different sizes. This is because they carry different types of power line and they’re owned by different organisations. For a bit more on the life of Hillier, this short 6 minute film is hard to beat, but if you're looking for a deep dive into his artistic influences and how he blurred the distinction between abstraction and surrealism then this Art UK article is where to go. For a wider cultural overview of pylons and the art and poetry of the 1920s then James Purdon's 'Landscapes of Power' is excellent. Day two at the the 2023 F3 pylon race World Championship has been characterised by poor weather, the wind has blown at around 20 mph constantly, whilst this is a bit high it is not unflyable however we have also had torrential rain storms, this has basically reduced the flying time by about 50%. The F3D (glow-powered) and F3E (electric-powered) model classes are recognized as world championship classes by the FAI. It is in no way a kind of scaled Reno-style, full-scale racing. These classes have been developed to bring the highest level of aerodynamic design, aircraft construction, powerplant, and propeller design to suit the specific needs of the circuit. Of course, the highest level of piloting airplanes around the course is essential to record fast times. Contrary to the impression one might get from its name, 'Rivets' must be one of the cleanest racing airplanes of all time. Powered by only a small 100 hp engine, it won 16 firsts and 4 seconds out of 23 races in which it was entered. Like the original, the Peanut is also a winning ship, having won 1st and 2nd in the two contests it was entered.With lightweight construction, flight times approach 60 seconds outdoors, in dead air. This, together with its high static scores, make a winning combination. The airplane is especially potent under the Flying Aces Rules, which give a bonus of 25 points for a low-wing racer, plus another 30 points if all the external detailing is duplicated - easy in such a clean airplane. Omit stringers on the bottom between F3a and F6. When covering the fuse, omit tissue on the bottom between F2 and F6. The short stringers between F2 and F3a only serve to strengthen the wing mounting. After the fuselage tissue is water-shrunk, and the wings steam shrunk (more on that later), the wing is ready to be attached to the fuselage..."