Planningthe intended voyage from berth to berth so as to avoid severe weather, inclusive of assessing alternative routes and identifying ports of refuge.

Brylske, A., Brief History of Diving, Parts I and II. Dive Training Magazine. August & September 1994. PDF / EPUB File Name: The_Carbon_Almanac_-_The_Carbon_Almanac_Network.pdf, The_Carbon_Almanac_-_The_Carbon_Almanac_Network.epubAt 0409 on 1 Oct., the Master arrived on the bridge. Unbelievably, he announced that he had “Slept like a baby.” Shortly afterwards, a succession of events on board the ‘El Faro’ took place that were to spell disaster. The message provided by the loss of the ‘El Faro’ seems clear: ‘Ignore weather warnings and their proper application to pre-voyage PP and, as necessary, PP adjustment during the voyage, at your peril.’ Executingthe plan, taking close account of observed weather conditions as well as forecast conditions, which may require prompt decision making and course deviation. Talyor, MR., Deep, Dark and Deadly. The perils of cave diving didn't spare even the sport's greatest star. Sports Illustrated, Vol 81, No. 14, October 3, 1994.

At 1831, the 2nd Mate sent a text enquiry to the Master: “What’s your plan?” The Master’s reply was to “steam our normal direct route” to San Juan and, according to his assessments of the forecasts, Joaquin would “remain North of us.” Image Source: https://www.pressherald.com/2016/05/21/mariners-weigh-in-on-el-faro-weather-data/ IntroductionAt 1909, the 2 nd Mate responded that, if necessary, “we have [alternative] routes” through Mayaguana, Crooked Island, and Northeast Providence Channel, referring to passages through the Bahamas that are long-established routes for avoiding storms. The Master did not reply. Weather Routing is a process which has evolved into a highly technical and sophisticated process over a period of many decades. It is now enhanced by real-time satellite data. Its underlying principals and goals are explained in the Introduction to Chap. 37, Weather Routing, of the current Nautical Almanac: Over the last 30 years, Manchester (UK) based Dave Clarkson has been involved in many areas of music, mainly electronic and experimental. Sammon, R., Seven Underwater Wonders of the World. Thomasson-Grant, Inc. Charlottesville, VA, 1992.