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El secretario de la OTAN elude precisar si España tuvo relación con la red Gladio, El País, November 24, 1990 (in Spanish) a b The Dark Side of the West, Conference "Nato Secret Armies and P-26," ETH Zurich, 2005. Published 10 February 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2007. In Greece the stay-behind army Hellenic Raiding Force takes over control over the Greek Defence Ministry and starts a military coup d’état installing a right wing dictatorship. spread anti-Communist propaganda. In more violent operations the secret war led to bloodshed. Tragically the secret warriors linked up with right-wing terrorists,
CARLISMO MONTEJURRA LIBERTAD Actos de Montejurra 2006". Montejurra-jurramendi.3a2.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2005. Les procès Andreotti en Italie" ("The Andreotti trials in Italy") by Philippe Foro, published by University of Toulouse II, Groupe de recherche sur l'histoire immédiate (Study group on immediate history). (in French) Beginning in 1986, a bunker in the Ucciardone prison in Palermo hosted the largest trial in world history, where an attempt to dismantle the entire power structure of the Sicilian Mafia ( Cosa Nostra) began with the indictment of 475 mafiosi. The trial lasted six years, until the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of 338 people after they had exhausted the appeals process. General Kenan Evren, who became President of Turkey following a successful coup d'état in 1980, served as the head of the Counter-Guerrilla, the Turkish branch of Operation Gladio. Historians and outside investigators have speculated that Counter-Guerrilla and several subordinate Intelligence, Special Forces, and Gendarmerie units were possibly involved in numerous acts of state-sponsored terrorism and engineering the military coups of 1971 and 1980. Many of the high ranking plotters of the 1971 and 1980 coup, such as Generals Evren, Memduh Tağmaç, Faik Türün, Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu, Kemal Yamak and Air Force Commander Tahsin Şahinkaya served at various times under the command of Counter-Guerrilla or the subordinate Tactical Mobilisation Group and Special Warfare Department. In 1990, then-Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers told the Dutch Parliament that his office was running a secret organisation that had been set up inside the Dutch defence ministry in the 1950s, but denied it was supervised directly by NATO or other foreign bodies. He went on to inform that successive prime ministers and defence chiefs had always preferred not to inform other Cabinet members or Parliament about the secret organization. It was modelled on the nation's World War II experiences of having to evacuate the royal family and transfer government to a government-in-exile, [52] originally aiming to provide an underground intelligence network to a government-in-exile in the event of a foreign invasion, although it included elements of guerilla warfare. Former Dutch Defence Minister Henk Vredeling confirmed the group had set up arms caches around the Netherlands for sabotage purposes. [52]If Cold War experts will derive new data from NATO's stay-behind network for their discourse on limited sovereignty during the Cold War, then international
The 2019 Dutch film and series Amsterdam Vice includes stay-behind ammunition dumps as part of the plotCook, Bernard A. (2001). Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volumen 1. Taylor & Francis. p.510. ISBN 978-0-8153-4057-7.
Jenkins, Philip (1990). "Strategy of tension: The Belgian terrorist crisis 1982–1986". Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 13 (4–5): 299–309. doi: 10.1080/10576109008435838. This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. ( January 2023) NATO's stay behind which were involved in several assassinations and coup attempts against President de GaulleAllan Francovich produced three ground-breaking documentaries about Operation Gladio. These were broadcast on BBC2 in 1992. great differences from country to country. Yet a limitation of sovereignty it was. And in each case where the stay-behind network in the absence of a Soviet invasion Experts of the Cold War will note that Operation Gladio and NATO's stay-behind armies cast a new light on the question of sovereignty in Western Europe. It is now
In Austria police forces discover a stay-behind arms cache in an old mine close to Windisch-Bleiberg and force the British authorities to hand over a list with the location of 33 other MI6 arms caches in Austria. and investigation. In some operations the secret stay-behind soldiers together with the secret military services monitored and filed left-wing politicians and Romanzo Criminale at IMDb. Drama, 2005. Concerning the " strategy of tension" and the Banda della Magliana. Directed by Michele Placido.sides of the Atlantic who themselves despise being linked up with right-wing terrorism must in the future bring more clarity nd understanding into these tragic were only allowed to enjoy 'limited sovereignty'. As far as Western Europe is concerned the conviction of being sovereign and independent was shattered more
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