Bells in Japanese religion [ edit ] Wind-powered bell under temple eaves,. Banna-ji. Ashikaga, Tochigi. The Maria Gloriosa in Erfurt Cathedral, Germany was cast by Geert van Wou in 1497, weighs more than 12,500kg (13 tons) and is the world's largest medieval free-swinging bell. [32] [22] Great Tom is the bell that hangs in Tom Tower (designed by Christopher Wren) of Christ Church, Oxford. It was cast in 1680 and weighs over 6tons. Great Tom is still rung 101 times at 21:05 every night to signify the 101 original scholars of the college. The striking technique is employed worldwide for some of the largest tower-borne bells because swinging the bells themselves could damage their towers.

The Great Bell of Dhammazedi (1484) may have been the largest bell ever made. It was lost in a river in Burma after being removed from a temple by the Portuguese in 1608. It is reported to have weighed about 300 tonnes (330 tons). Murdoch, James. (1903). A History of Japan. London: Paul, Trech, Trubner. [re-issued by Routledge, London, 1996. ISBN 978-0-415-15416-1 Another related ancient Chinese musical instrument is called qing ( 磬 pinyin qìng) but it was made of stone instead of metal.Titsingh, Isaac (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Siyun-sai Rin-siyo (1652). Nipon o daï itsi ran. The Gotenba Bell is the largest functioning swinging bell, weighing 79,900 pounds (36,200kg). It is located in a tourist resort in Gotenba, Japan. Hung in a freestanding frame, it is rung by hand. It was cast by Eijsbouts in 2006. Rossing, Thomas (2000). Science of percussion instruments. Singapore River Edge, N.J: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-02-4158-2. OCLC 45679450. Lithuanian Carillonist Guild (Lithuania) - https://web.archive.org/web/20180911185748/http://www.carillon.lt/ last archived on 11 Sep 2018

Needham, J. (1962). Science and Civilisation in China. Physics and physical technology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-05802-5 . Retrieved 2021-10-20. British Carillon Society (Great Britain, Ireland, Northern Ireland) - https://www.britishcarillons.org The Bell of King Seongdeok is the largest extant bell in Korea. The full Korean name means "Sacred Bell of King Seongdeok the Great." It was also known as the Bell of Bongdeoksa Temple, where it was first housed. The bell weighs about 25tons and was originally cast in 771 CE. It is now stored in the National Museum of Gyeongju.Huang, Houming (2002). "Prehistoric Music Culture of China". Cultural Relics of Central China (3): 18–27. ISSN 1003-1731. Further, less-audible, harmonics include the major third and a perfect fifth in the second octave above the named note.

Spencer, Ann "And round me rings": bell tales and folklore. Toronto: Tundra, 2003 ISBN 0-88776-597-1 Whereas the church and temple bells called to mass or religious service, bells were used on farms for more secular signalling. The greater farms in Scandinavia usually had a small bell-tower resting on the top of the barn. The bell was used to call the workers from the field at the end of the day's work. World Carillon Federation (multinational) - an international association of independent national or regional societies, https://www.carillon.orgSwinging bells are sounded by an internal clapper. The clapper may have a longer period of swing than the bell. In this case, the bell will catch up with the clapper and if rung to or near full circle will carry the clapper up on the bell's trailing side. Alternatively, the clapper may have a shorter period and catch up with the bell's leading side, travel up with the bell coming to rest on the downhill side. This latter method is used in English style full circle ringing. The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Vol.3. Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1918. The following organizations promote the ringing, study, music, collection, preservation and restoration of bells. [36] Nation(s) covered are given in parentheses.

The Liberty Bell is a 2,080 pounds (940kg) [31] American bell of great historic significance, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It previously hung in Independence Hall. Fletcher, N.H.; Rossing, T. (2008). The Physics of Musical Instruments. Springer New York. ISBN 978-0-387-98374-5. Herrera, Matthew D. (2004), Sanctus Bells: Their History and Use in the Catholic Church (PDF), San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-04 , retrieved 2011-09-26Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869. Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society. von Falkenhausen, L. (1994). Suspended Music: Chime-Bells in the Culture of Bronze Age China. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91107-9. The Tsar Bell by the Motorin Bellfounders is the largest bell still in existence. It weighs 160 tonnes (180 tons), but it was never rung and broke in 1737. It is on display in Moscow, Russia, inside the Kremlin.