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Each electrode consists of an electrically conductive electrolyte gel and a silver/silver chloride conductor. [38]

The U wave is hypothesized to be caused by the repolarization of the interventricular septum. It normally has a low amplitude, and even more often is completely absent. Braunwald, Eugene, ed. (1997). Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine (5thed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 118. ISBN 0-7216-5666-8. OCLC 32970742. The electrodes are connected by wires to a recording machine. When you’re ready, your ECG practitioner will begin a recording on the machine. The machine will print a record of your heartbeat onto a paper strip or store the data on a computer. Try to lie still and relax as much as possible during the recording – if you move or tense your muscles, it can affect the recording. Once your practitioner has got a good recording, they’ll remove the electrodes from your body.For ease of measuring the amplitudes and intervals, an ECG is printed on graph paper at a standard scale: each 1mm (one small box on the standard 25mm/s ECG paper) represents 40 milliseconds of time on the x-axis, and 0.1 millivolts on the y-axis. [65] Feature In 1872, Alexander Muirhead is reported to have attached wires to the wrist of a patient with fever to obtain an electronic record of their heartbeat. [92] Sattar, Yasar; Chhabra, Lovely (2022), "Electrocardiogram", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31747210 , retrieved 28 October 2022 Birse, Ronald M. (23 September 2004). "Muirhead, Alexander (1848–1920), electrical engineer". In Knowlden, Patricia E. (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (onlineed.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/37794 . Retrieved 20 January 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Cooper JK (1986). "Electrocardiography 100 years ago. Origins, pioneers, and contributors". N Engl J Med. 315 (7): 461–64. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198608143150721. PMID 3526152.

Zio XT for detecting cardiac arrhythmias. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). www.nice.org.uk, published 1 December 2020 To place the electrode for lead V5 start in the intercostal space associated with lead V4 (5th intercostal space) and move to the left to an imaginary line associated with the front portion of the armpit going down toward the anterior hip. Hence, V5 is in the 5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line. Placement of Lead V6 Kashou, Anthony H.; Basit, Hajira; Chhabra, Lovely (2022), "Electrical Right and Left Axis Deviation", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29262101 , retrieved 28 October 2022 In adults, a normal heart rate is between 60 and 100 bpm (normocardic), whereas it is higher in children. [59] Warner, Matthew J.; Tivakaran, Vijai S. (2022), "Inferior Myocardial Infarction", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29262146 , retrieved 28 October 2022Normal conduction starts and propagates in a predictable pattern, and deviation from this pattern can be a normal variation or be pathological. An ECG does not equate with mechanical pumping activity of the heart; for example, pulseless electrical activity produces an ECG that should pump blood but no pulses are felt (and constitutes a medical emergency and CPR should be performed). ECG voltages measured across the body are very small. This low voltage necessitates a low noise circuit, instrumentation amplifiers, and electromagnetic shielding. Corrado, D.; Basso, C.; Schiavon, M.; Thiene, G. (6 August 1998). "Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes". The New England Journal of Medicine. 339 (6): 364–369. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199808063390602. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 9691102.

a b Takla, George; Petre, John H.; Doyle, D John; Horibe, Mayumi; Gopakumaran, Bala (2006). "The Problem of Artifacts in Patient Monitor Data During Surgery: A Clinical and Methodological Review". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 103 (5): 1196–1204. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000247964.47706.5d. PMID 17056954. S2CID 10614183. For example, determining if the tracing is a sinus rhythm only requires feature recognition and matching, and not measurement of amplitudes or times (i.e., the scale of the grids are irrelevant).Electrode Catheter - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com . Retrieved 28 October 2022. Since the first telecardiogram recorded in 1903, huge strides have been made in the recording and interpretation of ECG. Today, the 12-Lead ECG remains a standard diagnostic tool among paramedics, EMTs, and hospital staff.