Equality Act (EA) (2010) Chapter 15. Parliament of the United Kingdom. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/pdfs/ukpga_20100015_en.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2019 For airplanes: 64.8% of the general population would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 16.1% (59.2%, 57.7%, 61.9%, 80.2%) with fragranced air. Also, 68.8% of asthmatic individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 17.3% with fragranced air; 48.4% of autistic individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 41.2% with fragranced air; and 59.5% of non-fragrance sensitive individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air, compared with 17.3% with fragranced air. Thus, more than twice as many individuals would prefer airplanes without fragranced air than with fragranced air. Steinemann A (2018a) Fragranced consumer products: effects on asthmatics. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(1):3–9 Fragranced products were categorized as follows: “(a) air fresheners and deodorizers (e.g., sprays, solids, oils, disks); (b) personal care products (e.g., soaps, hand sanitizer, lotions, deodorant, sunscreen, shampoos); (c) cleaning supplies (e.g., all-purpose cleaners, disinfectants, dishwashing soap); (d) laundry products (e.g., detergents, fabric softeners, dryer sheets); (e) household products (e.g., scented candles, restroom paper, trash bags, baby products); (f) fragrance (e.g., perfume, cologne, after-shave, essential oils); and (g) other.”

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) (2008) 42 U.S. Code § 12102 - Definition of disability (Pub. L. 101–336, § 3, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 110–325, § 4(a), Sept. 25, 2008, 122 Stat. 3555.) Available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/12102. Accessed 18 April 2019 How can specific sources of fragrance chemicals that affect indoor and outdoor air quality and health, such as fragranced laundry products emitted from dryer vents, be mitigated or regulated? Nazaroff WW, Weschler CJ (2004) Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants. Atmos Environ 38:2841–2865

fragrancy

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) (2008) 42 U.S. Code § 12102 - Definition of disability (Pub. L. 101–336, § 3, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 110–325, §4(a), Sept. 25, 2008, 122 Stat. 3555.) Available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/12102. Accessed September 5, 2020 Steinemann A (2017a) Health and societal effects from fragranced consumer products. Prev Med Rep 5:45–47 IFRA (International Fragrance Association) (2016) IFRA volume of use survey; transparency list http://admin-ifra.alligence.com/Upload/Docs/Transparency%20list.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2019 Main results of five studies (Steinemann 2015; Nematollahi et al. 2019, 2018a, b; Steinemann et al. 2020) are provided respectively below. After a number of uses the colour will fade and your scent will be unnoticeable, simply dispose of the used granules and add a fresh scoop to repeat the process.

Goodman N, Nematollahi N, Agosti G, Steinemann A (2019a) Evaluating air quality with and without air fresheners. Air Qual Atmos Health 13(1):1–4 Wang CM, Barratt B, Carslaw N, Doutsi A, Dunmore RE, Ward MW, Lewis AC (2017) Unexpectedly high concentrations of monoterpenes in a study of UK homes. Environ Sci Process Impacts 19(4):528–537 No law in any country requires full disclosure of all ingredients in a fragrance. Instead of listing specific ingredients, a product may list the general term “fragrance” (or another legally accepted term, such as “perfume”). Further, no law requires full disclosure of all ingredients in a consumer product (other than for foods, drugs, and cosmetics), not even the general term “fragrance.” Thus, consumers have limited information about individual fragrance ingredients in a product as well as whether a product even contains a fragrance (Lunny et al. 2017; Steinemann 2009). Discrimination Act (Diskrimineringslagen) (DA) (2008) SFS No: 2008: 567, Section 5:4. Definition of disability https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/diskrimineringslag-2008567_sfs-2008-567 https://www.government.se/contentassets/6732121a2cb54ee3b21da9c628b6bdc7/oversattning-diskrimineringslagen_eng.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2019Fragranced product exposures, or the potential for exposures, are associated with loss of societal access: Steinemann A (2018a) Fragranced consumer products: sources of emissions, exposures, and health effects in the United Kingdom. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(3):253–258 Fragrance-free environments receive a majority of support (see Table 4). Among the general population, 47.8% would support a fragrance-free policy in the workplace (compared to 20.4% that would not); 51.4% would prefer that health care facilities and professionals were fragrance-free (compared to 22.1% that would not); 60.7% would choose a hotel without fragranced air (compared to 22.1% with fragranced air); and 64.8% would choose an airplane without fragranced air (compared to 16.1% with fragranced air). Thus, in all categories, more than twice as many people would prefer fragrance-free environments and policies as not.

IFRA (International Fragrance Association) (2020a) About the IFRA standards. https://ifrafragrance.org/safe-use/introduction-enjoy-confidence. Accessed 27 August 2020Terpenes were the most commonly and consistently emitted VOCs from fragranced products. As noted above, terpenes were present in all fragranced products tested, but absent in all fragrance-free products tested. The studies used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) headspace analysis to identify the VOCs emitted directly from each product. The top 20 peaks (highest concentration compounds) for each product were identified from the sample chromatogram using mass spectral library matches. Further analytic details are provided in Steinemann et al. ( 2011) and Nematollahi et al. ( 2018a).