a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gupta, Kamla; Arnold, Fred; Lhungdim, H. (2009). "Health and living conditions in eight Indian cities" (PDF). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005–06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, US. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2012 . Retrieved 1 February 2012. Pati, Biswamoy (2006). "Narcotics and empire". The Hindu; Frontline. 23 (10). Archived from the original on 16 October 2006 . Retrieved 3 March 2012. Salient physical features". Kolkata Port Trust. Kolkata Port Trust, India. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007 . Retrieved 9 June 2007.

a b c Das, Diptendra; Chattopadhyay, B. C. (19 December 2009). Characterization of soil over Kolkata municipal area (PDF). Indian Geotechnical Conference. Vol.1. Guntur, India. pp.11–12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2013 . Retrieved 19 November 2012.

AAI to modernise Chennai, Kolkata airports by fiscal end". Economic Times. New Delhi. Press Trust of India. 26 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012 . Retrieved 7 December 2011. End is nigh for Gandhis after India's marathon poll". The Times. 12 January 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014 . Retrieved 12 May 2014. Electricity is supplied by the privately operated Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation, or CESC, to the city proper; the West Bengal State Electricity Board supplies it in the suburbs. [163] [164] Fire services are handled by the West Bengal Fire Service, a state agency. [165] As of 2012 [update], the city had 16fire stations. [166] Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009), The Partition of India, Cambridge University Press, pp.115–117, ISBN 978-0-521-67256-6

The word Kolkata ( Bengali: কলকাতা [kolˈkata]) derives from Kôlikata (Bengali: কলিকাতা [ˈkɔliˌkata]), the Bengali language name of one of three villages that predated the arrival of the British; the other two villages were Sutanuti and Govindapur. [29] Annual report 2010–11" (PDF). Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2012 . Retrieved 13 June 2012.Kalighat Kali Temple". kalighattemple.com. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017 . Retrieved 24 September 2017.