INSTALLATION OF LOST FORMWORK.....................................................................58 The Author of this Manual has an expertise of 45 years in his professional work as Head of Work, Project Manager and finally as president of a Company of Constructions and Industrial Assemblies in different plants of Chemical Processes, Refineries, Pipelines, Gas Compressors, and Thermal Power plants of their country and abroad, exercising the direction of the works and the control of the resources used for their execution, particularly in the case of installation of piping. STEAM TRACING (ANSI & DIN)..............................................................................23 SYNOPSIS top #include int pipe(int pipefd [2]); #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */

defined, hard to comprehend, or even unknown to the estimator. Technical terms and expressions written inLIGHT STRUCTURE (to 30 kg/m)...........................................................................61 We must adjust this total of hours consumed with factors that take into account the influence of the particular conditions of each of the Projects. The direct man-hours stated in the 14 (fourteen) tables of this Manual have been verified by the Author during the Piping assemblies of the different installations. FITTINGS................................................................................................142

WELDING........................................................................................................135 I. PIPING ABOVE GROUND................................................................................14 VALVES......................................................................................................131 LAYING IN TRENCH...............................................................................................53

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PATENT SCAFFOLDING.........................................................................................73 The thoughts and condolences from the team at The National Piping Centre go to John’s immediate family in their time of need.” FITTINGS (CARBON STEEL) - MEAN VALUE.............................................................38 PIPE STRINGING..................................................................................................51

It is important to understand that there are no identical projects or jobs in this business and that it is not possible to automate or copy. The approach to respect is that any estimate work should be serious and professional, this Manual provides the Reader with a precise and convenient method to estimate the direct work in Piping installations for each specific project. the European and USA countries. I have made the analyses, comparisons, simulations, new measures, and manhour VALVES WITH WELDING ENDS..............................................................................34DISASSEMBLING Item 4.1 ÷ 4.4 and 4.7.................................................................131

Below, I have given you some data showing factors for the home office hours to do piping engineering and design work. Regardless of the type of project, this type of data reflects only part of the piping cost picture. The other part of the home office hour picture is the hourly rate to do this work. This hourly rate depends on where you do the work and the level of expertise (training, experience and supervision) the people have. important to understand that there are no identical projects or jobs in this business, that each project is specific and He said: “In this sad moment after the passing of John Elliott, the piping world must draw together in support of John’s family and friends, and simply be there for them. FLANGED JOINTS............................................................................................135 a computer can be used. A saying “Switch on your brain before switching on the computer” should be followed.FIXED ROOF.........................................................................................................78 STEEL STRUCTURE ERECTION.............................................................................232 tables. A great deal of that was verified in practice during the plant erection. I surveyed the results and analyses of MATERIAL MULTIPLIER FACTORS (f)....................................................................130 CYLINDRICAL STORAGE TANKS...........................................................................121