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Haydell, M. W., Centola, M., Adam, V., Valero, J. & Famulok, M. Temporal and reversible control of a DNAzyme by orthogonal photoswitching. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 16868–16872 (2018). Asanuma, H., Liang, X., Yoshida, T. & Komiyama, M. Photocontrol of DNA duplex formation by using azobenzene-bearing oligonucleotides. ChemBioChem 2, 39–44 (2001). Rasched, G. et al. DNA minicircles with gaps for versatile functionalization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 47, 967–970 (2008). Ulanovsky, L., Bodner, M., Trifonov, E. N. & Choder, M. Curved DNA: design, synthesis, and circularization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 862–866 (1986). Cecconello, A., Lu, C. H., Elbaz, J. & Willner, I. Au nanoparticle/DNA rotaxane hybrid nanostructures exhibiting switchable fluorescence properties. Nano Lett. 13, 6275–6280 (2013).Lohmann, F., Valero, J. & Famulok, M. A novel family of structurally stable double stranded DNA catenanes. Chem. Commun. 50, 6091–6093 (2014). M. et al. Orthogonally photocontrolled non-autonomous DNA walker. Angew. Chem. Intl. Edn. 58, 6948–6951 (2019). Kay, E. R. & Leigh, D. A. Rise of the molecular machines. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 54, 10080–10088 (2015). Sauvage, J. P. From chemical topology to molecular machines (nobel lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 56, 11080–11093 (2017). Centola, M., Valero, J. & Famulok, M. Allosteric control of oxidative catalysis by a DNA rotaxane nanostructure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 16044–16047 (2017).

Sauvage, J. & Amabilino, D. The beauty of knots at the molecular level. Top. Curr. Chem 323, 107–125 (2012). Schalley, C. A., Beizai, K. & Vögtle, F. On the way to rotaxane-based molecular motors: studies in molecular mobility and topological chirality. Acc. Chem. Res. 34, 465–476 (2001). Lohmann, F., Weigandt, J., Valero, J. & Famulok, M. Logic gating by macrocycle displacement using a double-stranded DNA [3]rotaxane shuttle. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 10372–10376 (2014). Color and size: They are crescent-shaped and are usually available in colors which have a close resemblance to one’s skin tone; therefore, making them invisible. Plastic/Rubber Tube Ring Guard MacDonald, D., Herbert, K., Zhang, X., Pologruto, T. & Lu, P. Solution structure of an A-tract DNA bend. J. Mol. Biol. 306, 1081–1098 (2001).Schmidt, T. L. et al. Polyamide struts for DNA architectures. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46, 4382–4384 (2007). Feringa, B. L. The art of building small: from molecular switches to molecular motors. J. Org. Chem. 72, 6635–6652 (2007). Shen, Z., Yan, H., Wang, T. & Seeman, N. C. Paranemic crossover DNA: a generalized Holliday structure with applications in nanotechnology. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 1666–1674 (2004). Nishioka, H., Liang, X., Kashida, H. & Asanuma, H. 2′,6′-Dimethylazobenzene as an efficient and thermo-stable photo-regulator for the photoregulation of DNA hybridization. Chem. Commun. (Camb) 2007, 4354-4356 (2007).

Lu, C. H., Cecconello, A., Elbaz, J., Credi, A. & Willner, I. A three-station DNA catenane rotary motor with controlled directionality. Nano Lett. 13, 2303–2308 (2013). Adam, V. et al. Expanding the toolbox of photoswitches for DNA nanotechnology using arylazopyrazoles. Chemistry 24, 1062–1066 (2018). Description: Another inexpensive and simple way to resize your ring is to use a plastic or rubber ring guard. These guards are available in stores; however, you can make one at home using plastic or rubber tubes. Cut a bendable tube, roughly the length of half of the ring band. Slit one side of the tube from one end to another in length. Push the ring band through that slit to secure the guard on the ring. When you wear it, keep the open ends of the tube outwards. The pressure of your finger will desist the guard from sliding off. Description: The cheapest ring guard can be made using a string or a rubber band that you can find at home. Wrap a string or yarn around the ring band that usually hides under your fingers. If you want to use a rubber band, you first need to cut it at one end, and then, wrap it around the ring. After tying enough string or rubber band, tie a knot with the two ends of the string or rubber band to secure it.

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Gil-Ramirez, G., Leigh, D. A. & Stephens, A. J. Catenanes: fifty years of molecular links. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 54, 6110–6150 (2015). Erbas-Cakmak, S., Leigh, D. A., McTernan, C. T. & Nussbaumer, A. L. Artificial molecular machines. Chem. Rev. 115, 10081–10206 (2015). Asanuma, H. et al. Synthesis of azobenzene-tethered DNA for reversible photo-regulation of DNA functions: hybridization and transcription. Nat. Protoc. 2, 203–212 (2007). Krishnan, Y. & Simmel, F. C. Nucleic acid based molecular devices. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50, 3124–3156 (2011). Color and size: They are available in different colors and sizes of your choice. String/Rubber Band Ring Guard