Owen Pearson (2006b). Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy. Bloomsbury Academic. p.228. ISBN 978-1-84511-105-2. Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). Albania at War, 1939–1945. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-531-2. Prior to 1980 in the United States, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-based oils were used as an insulating oil in many ballasts to provide cooling and electrical isolation (see Transformer oil). a b c d P. Ramet, Sabrina (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. p.156. ISBN 0253346568.

Main article: Roman siege engines Reconstructed small Roman ballista One talent ballista (26kg[57lb] weight projectile) was typical for Roman era ballista. The heaviest version ever made was built by Archimedes, and used stones up to three talents (78kg[172lb]). [7] Roman 'catapult-nest' on Trajan's Column Ballista bolt heads a b c Sinclair, Ian Robertson (2001). Sensors and transducers, 3rd Ed. Newnes. pp.69–70. ISBN 978-0750649322.

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After the invasion of Albania by Italy in April 1939, 100,000 Italian soldiers and 11,000 Italian colonists settled in the country. Initially the Albanian Fascist Party received support from the population, mainly because of the unification of Kosovo and other Albanian-populated territories with Albania proper after the conquest of Yugoslavia and Greece by the Axis powers in the spring 1941. Benito Mussolini boasted in May 1941 to a group of Albanian fascists that he had achieved the Greater Albania long desired by Tirana nationalists. The Albanian Fascist Party of Tefik Mborja had strong support among the population after the Albania annexation of Kosovo. See also: Battle of Durrës (1939) Italian soldiers in an unidentified location in Albania, April 12, 1939. Günther Dahms, Hellmuth (1965). Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkriegs (in German). University of California: R. Wunderlich. p.199. Antonijević, Nenad. Arhivska građa o ljudskim gubicima na Kosovu i Metohiji u Drugome svetskom ratu. p.479. Najrealnije procene, na osnovu dostupnih arhivskih izvora, ukazuju da je u toku Drugoga svetskog rata na Kosovu i Metohiji život izgubilo oko 10 hiljada Crnogoraca i Srba, među kojima su većina stradali kao žrtve terora i zločina albanskih kvislinga. The manuballista was a handheld version of the traditional ballista. This new version was made entirely of iron, which conferred greater power to the weapon, since it was smaller, and less iron (an expensive material before the 19th century), was used in its production. It was not the ancient gastraphetes, but the Roman weapon. However, the same physical limitations applied as with the gastraphetes.

Cullhaj, Florian (31 October 2016). Democratization from within: Political Culture and the Consolidation of Democracy in Post-Communist Albania. Edizioni Nuova Cultura. ISBN 9788868128258. Current limiting [ edit ] A typical 230V, 50hz series choke ballast (inductor) used in older lighting. This example is used for a tanning lamp. It requires a starter switch (below). A lamp starter, required with some inductor type ballasts. It connects the two ends of the lamp to preheat them for one second before lighting. Warry, John (1995). Warfare in the Classical World: War and the Ancient Civilisations of Greece and Rome. London, United Kingdom: Salamander Books Ltd. p.178. ISBN 0-8061-2794-5. [ permanent dead link] The most influential archaeologists in this area have been Peter Connolly and Eric Marsden, [13] who have not only written extensively on the subject but have also made many reconstructions themselves and have refined the designs over many years of work.Midhat Frashëri believed that Albanian provinces under the Ottoman Empire were unfairly partitioned during World War I amongst Yugoslavia and Greece. [61] After World War II, Midhat Frashëri began advocating for a Greater Albania. When Midhat Frashëri formed the Balli Kombëtar, it was based on his nationalist ideas and the old ideologies of Abdyl Frashëri, Ymer Prizreni and Isa Boletini. The works of Franz Nopcsa, Johann Georg von Hahn and Milan Šufflay, helped strengthen the nationalists' cause. [62] [63] The Balli Kombëtar believed that Albanians were "Aryans of Illyrian heritage". [64] This helped gaining support by the Nazis. [64] The party had also a strong agrarian socialist wing, which gained the leadership of the party after the war with its leader Abaz Ermenji, and also Zef Pali, Halil Maçi and Vasil Andoni. [5]

An electrical ballast is a device placed in series with a load to limit the amount of current in an electrical circuit.Robert Elsie. "Balli Kombëtar: The Ten-Point Programme". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011 . Retrieved 17 February 2011. During the Nazi occupation, most Jews in Albania proper were saved. [33] During the Axis occupation of Kosovo, Albanian collaborators persecuted Serb and Montenegrin settlers. [34] Between 70,000 and 100,000 were expelled or transferred to concentration camps in Pristina and Mitrovica while nearly 10,000 are estimated to have been killed by the Vulnetari and other Albanian paramilitaries. [35] [36] Foreign participation [ edit ] In Europe, and most 220-240V territories, the line voltage is sufficient to start lamps over 30W with a series inductor. In North America and Japan however, the line voltage (120V or 100V respectively) may not be sufficient to start lamps over 30W with a series inductor, so an autotransformer winding is included in the ballast to step up the voltage. The autotransformer is designed with enough leakage inductance ( short-circuit inductance) so that the current is appropriately limited.