Artists Necole Schmitz, Stephen Coles and Katie Surridge took on the casting processes, melting the specially alloyed speculum metal in a chimney furnace at over 1000 degrees Celsius before pouring it into disc-shaped moulds. A static balancing of this lightened mirror was provided. In particular, the original mass of 205 g was reduced to 154 g. Therefore, the mirror total mass was cut by 25% (from 415 to 311.8 g). Using the simulation, it is possible to choose the best lattice structure that would provide the maximum lightening of the mirror. Obviously, the greater the length of the beams in the lattice structure, the greater the volume of the cell and thus the greater the weight reduction. The tensile test confirmed the expected mechanical properties of the SLMed MMC, namely a ultimate strength of more than 500 MPa and a Young Modulus of 96 GPa;

Liu G, Guo L, Wang X, Wu Q (2018) Topology and parametric optimization based lightweight design of a space reflective mirror. Opt Eng 57(7):1. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.57.7.075101The modal analysis demonstrated the compliance with the requirements of a constrained modal response greater than 1100 Hz;

The main objective of the re-design is the weight reduction maintaining the strict mechanical constraints on deformation and static balance as the part rotates at high speed. For the scope, the mirror body and inner lattice structures are modeled using FEM. McManamon P (2019) LiDAR technologies and systems. SPIE Bellingham, Washington. https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2518254 https://www.elementum3d.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/An-inside-look-at-how-AM-commercial-aluminum-alloys-are-made-possible-using-RAM-technology.pdf Due to climate warming, irreversibly thawing permafrost is releasing organic matter frozen for up to a million years, most of which decomposes into carbon dioxide and methane, further enhancing the greenhouse effect. This paper explores the possibilities given by metal AM technologies to improve the performance of the fabricated parts. In particular, it describes the re-design and fabrication of a metallic mirror using the selective laser melting (SLM) process, applicable on an industrial scale.Albert says: "I don't know when Cheryl's birthday is, but I know that Bernard does not know too," and Bernard states: "At first I don't know when Cheryl’s birthday is, but I know now." This then prompts Albert to say: "Then I also know when Cheryl's birthday is." Parry LA, Ashcroft IA, Wildman RD (2019) Geometrical effects on residual stress in selective laser melting. Addit Manuf 25:166–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.09.026

Tan Q, Zhang J, Sun Q, Fan Z, Li G, Yin Y, Liu Y, Zhang MX (2020) Inoculation treatment of an additively manufactured 2024 aluminium alloy with titanium nanoparticles. Acta Mater 196:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.06.026

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Boschetto A, Bottini L, Veniali F (2017) Roughness modeling of AlSi10Mg parts fabricated by selective laser melting. J Mater Process Technol 241:154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.11.013 Many functionalities are demanded to this subsystem. Since it is under rotation, the mechanical balancing must be assured through an adequate stabilization to take care of the deformation which may affect the reflective surface. Modern LIDAR systems for aerospace applications require complex optical elements whose performance and lighter weight must be improved to meet growing application requirements. Metallic optics are a good choice to achieve the desired performance.