Santosa says BEC was given two months to find new investors and restructure the business, during which Haas’s NGO, the Jakarta Animal Aid Network, fed their elephants and paid the keepers’ wages. They continuously dive, for long periods of time - 20 minutes on average and about 100 minutes at maximum - and deep - 500 meters (1,640 feet) on average and about 1,500 meters (4,920 feet) at maximum - with only a few minutes breathing at the surface," Adachi said. Bates, L. A., J. H. Poole, and R. W. Byrne. “Elephant Cognition.” Current Biology 18, no. 13 (2008): R545. Thongtip, N., S. Mahasawangkul, C. Thitaram, P. Pongsopavijtr, K. Kornkaewrat, A. Pinyopummin, T. Angkawanish, et al. “Successful Artificial Insemination in the Asian Elephant ( Elephas maximus) Using Chilled and Frozen-Thawed Semen.” Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 7 (2009): 75. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-75. They have acted irresponsibly not only to the animals but to employees who committed their lives to their jobs. When I first got there, some of the staff had left and others were still there, working for free, trying to take care of the elephants,” she says.

One simple question is fundamental to ecologists’ understanding of the natural world: Do hungry animals take more risks to find food? This should be true in theory, because wild animals perpetually weigh the risks of starvation and predation. For most species, it is nearly impossible to measure continuous changes in health. As a result, many theories about risk and reward in the animal kingdom have been around for decades but have yet to be tested. Clubb, R., and G. Mason. A Review of the Welfare of Zoo Elephants in Europe. Horsham, UK: RSPCA, 2002. A bit about the album... I was fascinated by the concept of ‘truth’ and intrigued by the concept of everyone having a different version of their truth... a personal viewpoint, their own narrative, their own story. The title plays a bit with shades of meaning - a ‘counter positioning’ if you like. The ‘other stories’ may challenge the truth, but ‘the truth’ retains that sense of the absolute. In the songs I hope to present the realities of different characters through short stories. Over time and through the pandemic however, different stories came to light and sometimes the focus would shift. Ultimately though, I have been living with these stories and these characters for some time now.I mean, you die twice. Once when they bury you in the grave, and the second time is the last time that somebody mentions your name. Conde, D. A., F. Colchero, M. Gusset, P. Pearce-Kelly, O. Byers, N. Flesness, R. K. Browne, and O. R. Jones. “Zoos through the Lens of the IUCN Red List: A Global Metapopulation Approach to Support Conservation Breeding Programs.” PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (2013): 1–9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080311.

There are no known ethical Sanctuaries in Bali,” says Bali Elephant Paradise Hell, an advocacy group created by tourists who did not like what they say at the islands’ elephant camps. “The elephants are often kept chained for prolonged periods of time when not performing hideous shows or used for rides, living in fear of being stabbed with bullhooks and denied what is natural and important to them.” You can’t as a company say there are no more visitors so I am not taking care of the elephants anymore,” Haas said. Arrivals will be subject to five days’ quarantine at their own expense and the partial reopening will serve as a “trial” for Bali’s ability to once again welcome all, tourism minister Sandiaga Uno told reporters, although he did not offer a timeline for that full return. By simultaneously measuring body fat and risk-taking through time, we learned that elephant seals took more risks when they were skinnier and prioritized safety when they were fatter. Early in the foraging trip, when seals on average had a slim 22% body fat, they rested just after sunrise – 80% of their rest dives occurred during the high-risk daytime. This allowed them to do most of their foraging at night, when food is easier to find. Marino, L., S. O. Lilienfeld, R. Malamud, N. Nobis, and R. Broglio. “Do Zoos and Aquariums Promote Attitude Change in Visitors? A Critical Evaluation of the American Zoo and Aquarium Study.” Society and Animals 18 (2010): 126–38.In the second week of December, following complaints by PETA India and local activists, the forest department registered a preliminary offence report under Section 42 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, against Lakshmi’s custodian for illegally keeping her and abusing her for begging. And upon hearing from PETA India, the Animal Welfare Board of India and the Project Elephant Division of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change asked the forest department to take immediate steps to rehabilitate the elephant. The court issued a direction to send her to the ECCC based on Wildlife SOS’ willingness to care for her. Tikiri reportedly collapsed in August after being forced to walk many kilometers during nightly parades for the Buddhist festival Esala Perahera while wearing an elaborate costume. Media reports indicated that she was just one of some 60 elephants taking part in the celebrations.*

In 2005, BEC joined a wildlife conservation programme run by the Ministry of Forestry that entrusts privately-owned zoos and safari parks in Indonesia with the care of critically endangered Sumatran elephants. Elephants at BEC were found to be just ‘skin and bones’ after the coronavirus pandemic forced the park to close [Supplied] Santosa says BEC was given two months to find new investors and restructure the business, during which Hass’s NGO, the Jakarta Aid Network, fed their elephants and paid the keepers’ wages. The plight of the underfed elephants amid talk of more sustainable tourism in post-pandemic Bali has reignited calls for a rethink of elephant tourism on the island. Recognisable features:Being termed as India’s skinniest elephant, Lakshmi is extremely emaciated and thin, making her head look much larger than her body. Many industries in Bali have collapsed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Agus Budi Santosa, director of BKSDA. “But the impact on small companies like Bali Elephant Camp has been especially severe. [When tourism stopped] they were no longer able to cover operational costs, especially the cost of feeding elephants. The government had to assist them by paying for food and electricity.” One of the elephants at BEC [Suoplied]Varner, G. E., and M. C. Monroe. “Ethical Perspectives on Captive Breeding: Is It for the Birds?” Endangered Species UPDATE 8, no. 1 (1990): 27–29. Haas says all of these problems were created by demand from tourists for elephant rides: “That one ride, that one selfie, it means a life sentence for these animals and now that Covid has hit it’s even worse because no more money is coming in and some elephants are starving.” People probably won’t remember me for being skinny, looking fit – looking “good”. And if they do, I’m not even sure that’s what I want to be remembered for – I’m a bit more than that. I want people to remember me for something that is a bit more than that. Following an outcry by activists, Tikiri was eventually returned to her keeper in the village of Rambukkana, but she was too weakened by her ordeal to survive. Keep reading list of 4 items list 1 of 4 7,000-year-old Indonesian woman reshapes views on early humans list 2 of 4 Indonesia’s pandemic-fuelled problem: Mounds of medical waste list 3 of 4 Is it time to rethink Bali’s monkey forests? list 4 of 4 Indonesia police kill ISIL-linked leader in Sulawesi shoot-out end of list

Gröning, K., and M. Saller. Elephants: A Cultural and Natural History. Cologne: Konemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1998. Regan, T. “Are Zoos Morally Defensible?” In Ethics on the Ark, edited by B. G. Norton, M. Hutchins, E. E. Stevens, and T. L. Maple, 38–51. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. Veasey, J. “Concepts in the Care and Welfare of Captive Elephants.” International Zoo Yearbook 40 (2006): 63–79. The chief elephant handler, Ketut, is a former BEC man who worked for the company for 13 years – the last 12 months with little to no pay. That hard service was her life, and not freedom, carries for me a commitment to others who yet suffer. That we could not help her before her eyes would shut forever fosters a renewed courage, and bears a responsibility for us to find safe refuges for all of the captive Giants born under the yoke of Man. What we wished for Tikiri, even a few days of freedom with love and care, we will demand for others. . . .But photographs taken by a wildlife veterinarian at the park in May and shared exclusively with Al Jazeera showed several severely undernourished elephants. Poole, J. “Opinions regarding the Use of Bullhooks on Elephants, Testimony to Massachusetts Legislators.” January 2007. http://www.elephantvoices.org/multimedia-resources/statements-a-testimonies. Among the countless things that Covid-19 has shone a spotlight on is the complex, often harmful, relationship that humans have with nature. Jensen, D., and K. Tweedy-Holmes. Thought to Exist in the Wild: Awakening from the Nightmare of Zoos. Santa Cruz, CA: No Voice Unheard, 2007. Personality traits:The elephant is reluctant to move and when it does, she does so with an altered gait.