Jerzsele, A.; etal. (2018). "Effects of p.o. administered xylitol in cats". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 41 (3): 409–414. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12479. PMID 29430681.

Xylitol". United States Code of Federal Regulations. Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption, Special Dietary and Nutritional Additives. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2012. CFR Title21, Part172, Section172.395. All sweeteners in Great Britain undergo a rigorous safety assessment before they can be used in food and drink. All approved sweeteners are considered a safe and acceptable alternative to using sugar. The law determines how much sweetener can be used and in which products. Treat such products like medicines and keep them out of your dog’s reach, and never give human vitamins or supplements to your dog. Mouthwash and oral rinses You can cook with Total Sweet Xylitol: replace sugar ‘one for one’ in your baking for less calorific cakes, biscuits and other treats.In general, everyone should be eating less sugar but lower or no calorie sweeteners can be a useful alternative for people who want to reduce their sugar intake, while maintaining a sweet taste. Most forms of peanut butter are sweetened with sugar, but sugar-free peanut butter products are widely available to buy too, and these are commonly sweetened with xylitol instead. Read more about peanut butter and dogs in this article. Diabetic chocolate and even savoury goods

Foster-Powell, K.; Holt, S.H.; Brand-Miller, J.C. (July 2002). "International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76 (1): 5–56. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5. PMID 12081815. Total Sweet Xylitol respects the environment: the European birch and beech wood used to make Xylitol are sustainably grown for paper making, and Xylitol is merely a bi-product. No trees are specifically cut down to make this sugar alternative. Total Sweet have also helped to plant over 50,000 trees to date through the Trees For The Future organisation – and that’s pretty sweet! Xylitol is a naturally occurring substance that’s often used as a sugar substitute for humans, and is commonly found in sauces, spreads and gum. Xylitol is a type of sugar alcohol that is naturally present in lots of different foods including strawberries, plums, oats, mushrooms and lettuce. But most commercialised xylitol tends to be extracted from corn fibre or birch trees. Why is xylitol so toxic to dogs? Xylitol is a type of artificial sugar substitute that is used in place of natural sugar in a wide variety of different types of products, and which is a very common ingredient in sugar-free goods in the UK. Lee, Young-Eun; Choi, Youn-Hee; Jeong, Seong-Hwa; Kim, Hee-Sook; Lee, Sung-Hee; Song, Keun-Bae (16 December 2008). "Morphological changes in Streptococcus mutans after chewing gum containing xylitol for twelve months". Current Microbiology. 58 (4): 332–337. doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9332-4. ISSN 0343-8651. PMID 19085034. S2CID 6520956.Sugar Alcohols (PDF) (Report). Canadian Diabetes Association. 1 May 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012 . Retrieved 14 March 2012. a b Assev, Synnöve; Rölla, Gunnar (15 August 2009). "Further Studies on the Growth Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans OMZ 176 by Xylitol". Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section B. 94B (1–6): 97–102. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1986.tb03026.x. PMID 3728029. Obviously lip gloss isn’t something that you’d use on your dog (or if it is, feel free to tell us more!) but dogs are notorious for chewing and destroying things when left unsupervised, including makeup – and things that smell or taste sweet will be particularly appealing to your dog, so keep them well out of their reach! Peanut butter EFSA panel (April 2011). "Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to the sugar replacers xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose and polydextrose and maintenance of tooth mineralisation by decreasing tooth demineralisation, and reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses". EFSA Journal. 9 (4): 2076. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2076.

a b c "Is xylitol good for your teeth?". Live well: Eat well. U.K. National Health Service. 13 April 2016 . Retrieved 28 October 2018. The reason xylitol poisoning in dogs is so serious is because it can cause low blood sugar levels, also known as hypoglycaemia, which can be fatal. This is due to the fact that the canine pancreas confuses it with real sugar, causing this organ to release more insulin, which then removes the real sugar from the body, meaning blood sugar levels will plummet. Xylitol can also cause liver failure, but veterinary experts are currently unsure as to exactly why this happens. How much xylitol is poisonous to dogs?

Products sweetened with xylitol such as mints and chewing gum produce a pleasant cooling effect which, combined with their sweetness, creates an increase in salivary flow that helps repair damaged tooth enamel. Helpful for diabetics In 2011 EFSA "concluded that there was not enough evidence to support" the claim that xylitol-sweetened gum could prevent middle-ear infections with a fast onset, which is also known as acute otitis media (AOM). [18] [29] A 2016 review indicated that xylitol in chewing gum or a syrup may have a moderate effect in preventing AOM in healthy children. [30] It may be an alternative to conventional therapies (such as antibiotics) to lower risk of earache in healthy children– reducing risk of occurrence by 25% [31]– although there is no definitive proof that it could be used as a therapy for earache. [30] Diabetes [ edit ] Sugar-free products in general are very popular and there are a range of different sweetening agents that can be used in them in place of sugar, although xylitol is by far the most common of them. Xylitol is a very popular sugar substitute which is prized for its lower calorie content and low glycaemic index, and it’s also thought to be better for human dental health. With that being said, although xylitol is safe for humans to consume, sadly it can be highly poisonous to dogs. The Pet Poison Helpline received 5,846 calls about dogs accidentally ingesting this ingredient in 2020 alone.