Oceania, one continental-sized territory (Australia), three major archipelagos (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia), 14 sovereign countries, 10,000 islands, 42.6 million people. Together with Australia, Oceania forms the Australia/Oceania Region. In some languages, such as Estonian, Finnish and Breton, the intercardinal directions have names that are not compounds of the names of the cardinal directions (as, for instance, northeast is compounded from north and east). In Estonian, those are kirre (northeast), kagu (southeast), edel (southwest), and loe (northwest), in Finnish koillinen (northeast), kaakko (southeast), lounas (southwest), and luode (northwest). In Japanese, there is the interesting situation that native Japanese words ( yamato kotoba, kun readings of kanji) are used for the cardinal directions (such as minami for 南, south), but borrowed Chinese words (on readings of kanji) are used for intercardinal directions (such as tō-nan for 東南, southeast, lit. "east-south"). [ dubious – discuss] In the Malay language, adding laut (sea) to either east ( timur) or west ( barat) results in northeast or northwest, respectively, whereas adding daya to west (giving barat daya) results in southwest. Southeast has a special word: tenggara.

Dependencies are territorial units that do not have full political independence or sovereignty; they are under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state such as France, the United Kingdom, or the United States, but are not formally annexed. There are no countries in Antarctica. There are no people in Antarctica apart from some personnel from research stations and field camps. A number of countries operate seasonal or year-round research stations on the continent and its surrounding islands. Many maps include a grid pattern, or a series of crossing lines that create squares or rectangles. The grid helps people locate places on the map. On small-scale maps, the grid is often made up of latitude and longitude lines. Latitude lines run east-west around the globe, parallel to the Equator, an imaginary line that circles the middle of Earth. Longitude lines run north-south, from pole to pole. Latitude and longitude lines are numbered. The intersection of latitude and longitude lines, called coordinates, identify the exact location of a place. a b "Cardinal colors in Chinese tradition". Archived from the original on 21 February 2007 . Retrieved 2007-02-17.Rigge, W. F (1918). "Partial eclipse of the moon, 1918, June 24". Popular Astronomy. 26: 373. Bibcode: 1918PA.....26..373R. rigge1918 Magnetic compasses come in many forms. The most basic are portable compasses for use on casual hikes. Magnetic compasses can have additional features, such as magnifiers for use with maps, a prism or a mirror that allows you to see the landscape as you follow the compass reading, or markings in Braille for the visually impaired. The most complicated compasses are complex devices on ships or planes that can calculate and adjust for motion, variation, and deviation. A group of contour line circles inside one another indicates a change in elevation. As elevation increases, these contour line circles indicate a hill. As elevation decreases, contour line circles indicate a depression in the earth, such as a basin. A compass rose showing the four cardinal directions, the four intercardinal directions, and eight more divisions. The precise direction of the cardinal points appears to be important in Aboriginal stone arrangements.

There are other states or countries or country-like geopolitical entities that are not members of the UN. Besides sovereign nations, there are autonomous self-ruling political units that are part of a sovereign state but not part of the mainland, and there are self-ruling territories, but they are not or only partially recognized as such. a b "Chinese Cosmogony". Archived from the original on 18 December 2010 . Retrieved 17 February 2007. Historians think China may have been the first civilization to develop a magnetic compass that could be used for navigation. Chinese scientists may have developed navigational compasses as early as the 11th or 12th century. Western Europeans soon followed at the end of the 12th century.

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Points between the cardinal directions form the points of the compass. Arbitrary horizontal directions may be indicated by their azimuth angle value. Hold the compass out in front of your chest with the direction of travel arrow pointing in the direction you’re heading. The Far East, the Middle East, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the largest and most populous continent has many subregions. Asia counts 49 generally recognized sovereign states, all members of the United Nations, plus two states with a kind of limited, but substantial, international recognition, Taiwan (ROC), and Palestine (State of Palestine). 4.64 billion people live in Asia. The two most populous countries in the world are in Asia, China and India. Asia's largest country by area is Russia, Asian Russia occupies almost 30% of the entire continent. A map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface. Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way. They teach about the world by showing sizes and shapes of countries, locations of features, and distances between places. Maps can show distributions of things over Earth, such as settlement patterns. They can show exact locations of houses and streets in a city neighborhood. a b c "Colors of the Four Directions". Archived from the original on 13 September 2010 . Retrieved 16 May 2010.

U.S. Army, Advanced Map and Aerial Photograph Reading, Headquarters, War Department, Washington, D.C. (17 September 1941), "DETERMINATION OF DIRECTION BY FIELD EXPEDIENTS" [ https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/FM/PDFs/FM21-26.pdf You need to set the map with your compass, aligning it so that it corresponds to the surrounding landscape. This makes it easier to relate what you see on the map with what you see on the ground. physically interact with it with the help of functions such as zooming and pulling. You can even expand it South: Red; Summer; Fire Red River (Asia): south of China Red Ruthenia Red Jews: a semi-mythological group of Jews [ citation needed] Red Croatia Red SeaThis section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Great Plains: Beyond the Appalachian Mountains lies the vast expanse of the Interior Lowlands, also known as the Great Plains. This region covers much of the central United States and extends into Canada. The Great Plains, characterized by prairies and grasslands, are a hub for agriculture due to their fertile soil. On maps showing greater detail, the grid is often given numbers and letters. The boxes made by the grid may be called A, B, C, and so on across the top of the map, and 1, 2, 3, and so on across the left side. In the map’s index, a park’s location might be given as B4. The user finds the park by looking in the box where column B and row 4 cross. as well as regions. You can also share any location, search for a specific location, and measure distances, to name a few.

Magnetic compasses are the most well known type of compass. They have become so popular that the term “compass” almost always refers a magnetic compass. While the design and construction of this type of compass has changed significantly over the centuries, the concept of how it works has remained the same. Magnetic compasses consist of a magnetized needle that is allowed to rotate so it lines up with Earth's magnetic field. The ends point to what are known as magnetic north and magnetic south. A map compass is used to determine what direction you're facing, or travelling in. The compass needle aligns itself to the top of the Earth's magnetic field. If the needle points towards the 'N' on a compass dial, then you are facing north and you can use it to help you find directions. Without moving the map or compass rotate the bezel so that the orientating arrow points towards north on the map – the number (in degrees) on the rim of the bezel at the index line is the bearing you need to follow. A compass is a device that indicates direction. It is one of the most important instruments for navigation. H. Rodrigues (22 April 2016). "The Dikpalas". www.mahavidya.ca. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018 . Retrieved 12 August 2018.north ( Proto-Germanic *norþ-) from the proto-Indo-European * nórto-s 'submerged' from the root * ner- 'left, below, to the left of the rising sun' whence comes the Ancient Greek name Nereus. [6] All maps are scale models of reality. A map’s scale indicates the relationship between the distances on the map and the actual distances on Earth. This relationship can be expressed by a graphic scale, a verbal scale, or a representative fraction.