Larkin, T. Lawrence (2010). "A "Gift" Strategically Solicited and Magnanimously Conferred". Winterthur Portfolio. 44 (1): 31–76. doi: 10.1086/651087. JSTOR 10.1086/651087. S2CID 142922208. Most importantly, do we award the Princess de Polignac or Madame the title “Sexiest Schemer at Versailles (Ladies)”? Despaches of Earl Grower, Oscar Browning & Cambridge, 1885, pp.70–75, 245–50 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDespaches_of_Earl_GrowerOscar_BrowningCambridge,_1885 ( help) Hunt, Lynn (1998). "The Many Bodies of Marie Antoinette: Political Pornography and the Problem of the Feminine in the French Revolution". In Kates, Gary (ed.). The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies (2nded.). London, England: Routledge. pp. 201–18. ISBN 978-0415358330.

Marie Antoinette's signature face mask consisted of four simple ingredients: cognac, one egg, powdered milk, and a lemon. To make it, all you need to do is blend 2 teaspoons of cognac, one egg white, a third cup of powdered milk, and the juice of one lemon into a paste. She believed the lactic acid in the milk and citric acid in the lemon dissolved dead skin cells, while the cognac stimulated circulation and tightened the pores, and the egg repaired skin tissue. 6. You can never have too much perfume on and around you. Goncourt, Edmond de (1880). Charpentier, G. (ed.). La Du Barry. Paris, France. pp.195–96. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) As mentioned above, the overall shape of this wig is pretty nice for 1770s pouf styles. The hair comes up and off the face, with no bangs or ringlets framing the forehead, as is the sad case on almost every “costume wig” I’ve found for 18th c. The curls of this wig are actually quite natural, and it’s easy to fluff the hairstyle up and make it look pretty darn cute within a matter of minutes. It is also easy to create more distinct ringlets just by twirling the hair around your fingers. Oh, I’m also happy to discuss plot, themes and the vexed question of whether this show manages to find just the right sweet spot between “impending tragedy” and “Peak Foppery”.

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Marie-Antoinette | Biography & French Revolution". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 3 February 2018. On the eve of the opening of the Estates-General the queen attended the mass celebrating its return. As soon as it opened on 5 May 1789, the fracture between the democratic Third Estate (consisting of bourgeois and radical aristocrats) and the conservative nobility of the Second Estate widened, and Marie Antoinette knew that her rival, the Duc d'Orléans, who had given money and bread to the people during the winter, would be acclaimed by the crowd, much to her detriment. [133] As early as 1774, Marie Antoinette had begun to befriend some of her male admirers, such as the Baron de Besenval, the Duc de Coigny, and Count Valentin Esterházy, [42] [43] and also formed deep friendships with various ladies at court. Most noted was Marie-Louise, Princesse de Lamballe, related to the royal family through her marriage into the Penthièvre family. On 19 September 1774 she appointed her superintendent of her household, [44] [45] an appointment she soon transferred to her new favourite, the Duchesse de Polignac. The death of her older sister Maria Josepha from smallpox during the epidemic in Vienna in October 1767 made an everlasting impression on the young Maria Antonia. [16] Maria Antonia, in her later life, recalled the ailing Maria Josepha taking her in her arms. She told her that she would not be traveling to Naples to marry King Ferdinand IV of Naples, to whom she was betrothed, but for the family vault. [16] Evelyne Lever & Marie Antoinette 1991, p.124 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFEvelyne_LeverMarie_Antoinette1991 ( help)

Royal household spending in 1788 was 13% of total state expenses (excluding interest on debts).(Finances of Louis XVI (1788) | Nicholas E. Bomba https://blogs.nvcc.edu› nbomba› files› 2016/10, https://books.google.com/books?id=ixJWG9q0Eo4CIn the middle of the queen's pregnancy, two events occurred which had a profound effect on her later life: the return of her friend, the Swedish diplomat Count Axel von Fersen [58] to Versailles for two years, and her brother's claim to the throne of Bavaria, contested by the Habsburg monarchy and Prussia. [59] Marie Antoinette pleaded with her husband for the French to intercede on behalf of Austria. The Peace of Teschen, signed on 13 May 1779, ended the brief conflict, with the queen imposing French mediation at her mother's insistence and Austria's gaining a territory of at least 100,000 inhabitants—a strong retreat from the early French position which was hostile towards Austria. This gave the impression, partially justified, that the queen had sided with Austria against France. [60] [61] Lettres de Marie Antoinette vol 2 1895, pp.364–78 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLettres_de_Marie_Antoinette_vol_21895 ( help) a b de Ségur d'Armaillé, Marie Célestine Amélie (1870). Marie-Thérèse et Marie-Antoinette. Paris, France: Editions Didier Millet. pp.34, 47. Lever, Évelyne (2006). Marie Antoinette: The Last Queen of France. London: Portrait. ISBN 978-0-7499-5084-2.

Arneth, Alfred (1866). Marie Antoinette; Joseph II, und Leopold II (in French and German). Leipzig / Paris / Vienna: K.F. Köhler / Ed. Jung-Treuttel / Wilhelm Braumüller. p. 23 (footnote).d'Arneth, Alfred Ritter; Geffroy, A., eds. (1874). Correspondance secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le comte de Mercy-Argenteau, avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette (in French). Vol.3. Firmin-Didot. Thomas Jefferson supposedly said that if not for Marie Antoinette, there might have been no French Revolution. Regardless of whether he really said that (as the careful reader might wonder), there has certainly been a misperception throughout history that Marie Antoinette’s excesses played an outsize role in France’s economic problems. Before Louis XVI, both the queen and the king’s pampered mistresses shared the weight of critics’ displaced frustration. Scholars have noted that since Louis XVI had no mistresses, Marie Antoinette was subject to an extra level of disparagement.

There had been several plots designed to help the royal family escape, which the Queen had rejected because she would not leave without the king, or which had ceased to be viable because of the king's indecision. Once Louis XVI finally did commit to a plan, its poor execution was the cause of its failure. In an elaborate attempt known as the Flight to Varennes to reach the royalist stronghold of Montmédy, some members of the royal family were to pose as the servants of an imaginary "Mme de Korff", a wealthy Russian baroness, a role played by Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel, governess of the royal children. Castelot, André (1962). Marie-Antoinette. Paris, France: Librairie académique Perrin. ISBN 978-2262048228. As her correspondence shows, while Barnave was taking great political risks in the belief that the queen was his political ally and had managed, despite her unpopularity, to secure a moderate majority ready to work with her, Marie Antoinette was not considered sincere in her cooperation with the moderate leaders of the French Revolution, which ultimately ended any chance to establish a moderate government. [170] Moreover, the view that the unpopular queen was controlling the king further degraded the royal couple's standing with the people, which the Jacobins successfully exploited after their return from Varennes to advance their radical agenda to abolish the monarchy. [171] This situation lasted until the spring of 1792. [172] Marie Antoinette ( / ˌ æ n t w ə ˈ n ɛ t, ˌ ɒ̃ t-/; [1] French: [maʁi ɑ̃twanɛt] ⓘ; Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She became dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne. On 10 May 1774, her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI and she became queen. It was not a popular decision that he made to send the French troops to fight with us in the American Revolution, because France was basically bankrupt and it was really expensive,” she says.

4. She liked to dress down.

Samuel, Henry (12 January 2016). "Marie-Antoinette's torrid affair with Swedish count revealed in decoded letters". The Daily Telegraph. Early life (1755–1770) Watercolour of Archduchess Maria Antonia at the age of 7 (portrait by Jean-Étienne Liotard, 1762) On 21 September 1792, the fall of the monarchy was officially declared and the National Convention became the governing body of the French Republic. The royal family name was downgraded to the non-royal " Capets". Preparations began for the trial of the former King in a court of law. [185] Louis XVI's trial and execution