Bengali culture, particularly its literature, music, art and cinema, are well known in South Asia and beyond. The region is also notable for its economic and social scientists, which includes several Nobel laureates. Once home to the city with the highest per capita income level in British India, [9] [10] the region is today a leader in South Asia in terms of gender parity, the gender pay gap and other indices of human development. Cox's Bazar in southeastern Bangladesh is home to the longest natural sea beach in the world with an unbroken length of 120km (75mi). It is also a growing surfing destination. [91] St. Martin's Island, off the coast of Chittagong Division, is home to the sole coral reef in Bengal. The state of Bangladesh is a parliamentary republic based on the Westminster system, with a written constitution and a President elected by parliament for mostly ceremonial purposes. The government is headed by a Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President from among the popularly elected 300 Members of Parliament in the Jatiyo Sangshad, the national parliament. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of the single largest party in the Jatiyo Sangshad. Under the constitution, while recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims.

Celestial Seasonings | Bengal Spice Herbal Tea | FREE 1-3 Day

The tea is grown in the northern and eastern districts, the highlands, temperate climate, humidity and heavy rainfall within these districts provide a favourable ground for the production of high quality tea. [6] History [ edit ] Sylhet is the birthplace of the Bangladesh tea industry. Northeast Bengal [ edit ] Madhabkunda waterfall in Moulvibazar, Sylhet. Waterfalls are a common sight in the highlands of eastern Bangladesh The Bangladesh Tea Board and the Bangladesh Tea Research Institute support the production, certification and exportation of the tea trade in the country. [22] The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute began the improvement of tea quality in 1957, selecting bushes with the best yield and quality to introduce germplasm as a system of improvement. [23] See also [ edit ] Between 1830 and 1867, the ports of Singapore and Malacca, the island of Penang, and a portion of the Malay Peninsula were ruled under the jurisdiction of the Bengal Presidency of the British Empire. [112] These areas were known as the Straits Settlements, which was separated from the Bengal Presidency and converted into a Crown colony in 1867. [113] :980 Meghalaya [ edit ]In 1204, the Ghurid general Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji began the Islamic conquest of Bengal. [36] The fall of Lakhnauti was recounted by historians circa 1243. Lakhnauti was the capital of the Sena dynasty. According to historical accounts, Ghurid cavalry swept across the Gangetic plains towards Bengal. They entered the Bengali capital disguised as horse traders. Once inside the royal compound, Bakhtiyar and his horsemen swiftly overpowered the guards of the Sena king who had just sat down to eat a meal. The king then hastily fled to the forest with his followers. [37] The overthrow of the Sena king has been described as a coup d’état, which "inaugurated an era, lasting over five centuries, during which most of Bengal was dominated by rulers professing the Islamic faith. In itself this was not exceptional, since from about this time until the eighteenth century, Muslim sovereigns ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent. What was exceptional, however, was that among India’s interior provinces only in Bengal—a region approximately the size of England and Scotland combined—did a majority of the indigenous population adopt the religion of the ruling class, Islam". [37] Bengal became a province of the Delhi Sultanate. A coin featuring a horseman was issued to celebrate the Muslim conquest of Lakhnauti with inscriptions in Sanskrit and Arabic. An abortive Islamic invasion of Tibet was also mounted by Bakhtiyar. Bengal was under the formal rule of the Delhi Sultanate for approximately 150 years. Delhi struggled to consolidate control over Bengal. Rebel governors often sought to assert autonomy or independence. Sultan Iltutmish re-established control over Bengal in 1225 after suppressing the rebels. Due to the considerable overland distance, Delhi's authority in Bengal was relatively weak. It was left to local governors to expand territory and bring new areas under Muslim rule, such as through the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303. In 1983 a logo was created, currently property of the Tea Board of India, [9] consisting of the side profile of a woman holding two leaves and a bud. It is registered as a certification trade mark in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Taiwan, as a collective trade mark in the EU [10] and registered internationally in the Madrid system. [11] In 2000, the Tea Board created new licensing requirements for Darjeeling tea exporters, including product authentication and a prohibition on blending, which allowed them to issue certificates of origin. In 2004, Darjeeling tea became India's first product to receive legal geographical indication protection under the World Trade Organization's TRIPS Agreement [12] and in 2011 it was given Protected Geographical Indication status in the European Union.

Tea production in Bangladesh - Wikipedia

During the Pala dynasty, Tibet received missionaries from Bengal who influenced the emergence of Tibetan Buddhism. [117] [118] One of the most notable missionaries was Atisa. During the 13th century, Tibet experienced an Islamic invasion by the forces of Bakhtiyar Khalji, the Muslim conqueror of Bengal. [119] In the 16th century, the Tibetan tangka became the currency of Tibet due to the historical taka's use on the Silk Road. Labour relations are complex as, in addition to the seasonal influx of temporary workers, the permanent workers can be permanent residents of the estates where, pursuant to the Plantations Labour Act, housing, education, health and other services are provided by the estate, in addition to a base salary. Because the provision of these services are required by law, fair trade organizations, such as the Fairtrade International, allow their fair trade premiums be paid to plantation owners, rather than the workers, on condition that the owners can only use the premium to offset some of the costs of providing these services. [25] Studies of this arrangement have suggested that this has negatively effected the livelihoods of labourers, as owners have more than correspondingly reduced their contributions to the required services. [13] [26] This also complicates wage negotiations as marginal increases are feared to come at the expense of a loss of social services. However, the low wages contribute to a high rate of absenteeism of workers seeking higher paying work elsewhere. [27] The tea estate workers have historically relied on workers coming from Nepal as a source of inexpensive labour. Consequently, Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong and their tea estates are populated predominantly by Indian Gorkha people. They have developed a unified ethnic identity and advocated for independence from West Bengal. Occasionally, actions of the Gorkhaland movement have disrupted operations of the Darjeeling tea estates, such as the 2017 bandh. [28] See also [ edit ] After the acquisition, City Group now owns six gardens stretching over some 16,000 acres of land, the largest in Bangladesh.Tea Industry proposes new marketing effort". Archived from the original on 19 July 2020 . Retrieved 19 July 2020. As per industry sources, labour cost is about 60 per cent of the cost of production of tea. As cost of labour rises, tea garden operations are becoming increasingly unviable. Between 2002 and 2007, 17 tea gardens shut down in the Dooars and the renowned Goenka Duncans group recently shut down 7 tea gardens. The latter alone lead to the loss of employment for around 25,000 workers. At least 1,200 deaths have been reported in the area. [20] Koehler, Jeff (2015). Darjeeling: The Colorful History and Precarious Fate of the World's Greatest Tea. Bloomsbury USA. pp.152–166, 183–196. ISBN 9781620405123. Liu, Kung-Chung; Racherla, Uday S. (19 May 2016). Innovation and IPRs in China and India: Myths, Realities and Opportunities. Springer. p.48. ISBN 9789811004063. Study of Labour condition in Tea Gardens of New Jalpaiguri" (PDF). Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2020 . Retrieved 19 July 2020.

tea City Group goes vast from plucking to packaging of tea

Historically, Bengal was the terminus of the Tea Horse Road connecting the subcontinent with China's early tea-growing regions in Yunnan. Atisa is regarded as one of the earliest Bengali drinkers of tea. [7] Debarati, Sen (2017). Everyday Sustainability: Gender Justice and Fair Trade Tea in Darjeeling. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438467139. Most of the Bengal region lies in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, but there are highlands in its north, northeast and southeast. The Ganges Delta arises from the confluence of the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers and their respective tributaries. The total area of Bengal is 232,752 km 2—West Bengal is 88,752km 2 (34,267sqmi) and Bangladesh 147,570km 2 (56,977sqmi).Muslim trade with Bengal flourished after the fall of the Sasanian Empire and the Arab takeover of Persian trade routes. Much of this trade occurred with southeastern Bengal in areas east of the Meghna River. Bengal was probably used as a transit route to China by the earliest Muslims. Abbasid coins have been discovered in the archaeological ruins of Paharpur and Mainamati. [34] A collection of Sasanian, Umayyad and Abbasid coins are preserved in the Bangladesh National Museum. [35]

Celestial Seasonings Herbal Tea, Bengal Spice, Caffeine Free Celestial Seasonings Herbal Tea, Bengal Spice, Caffeine Free

The last independent Nawab of Bengal was defeated in 1757 at the Battle of Plassey by the East India Company. The company's Bengal Presidency grew into the largest administrative unit of British India with Calcutta as the capital of both Bengal and India until 1911. As a result of the first partition of Bengal, a short-lived province called Eastern Bengal and Assam existed between 1905 and 1911 with its capital in the former Mughal capital Dhaka. Following the Sylhet referendum and votes by the Bengal Legislative Council and Bengal Legislative Assembly, the region was again divided along religious lines in 1947. Geographic distinctions [ edit ] North Bengal [ edit ] View of the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region and Kangchenjunga from the plains of north Bengal (Indian side) Tea plantations in the region are spread over 97,280 hectares (240,400 acres). The region produces 226 million kg of tea, accounting for about a quarter of India’s total tea crop. [1] There are 154 gardens in the Dooars out of 283 tea gardens in north Bengal that employ 3.5 lakh workers. [4] Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the British but there was significant contribution of Indian entrepreneurs. [2] ( #The figure can vary, as per source.)Kwek, Rachel (9 January 2019). "What's for Tea, Darjeeling?". Asian Geographic: 112 – via pressreader.com.