Mavrix Crater Ball, High Density PU Bouncy ball

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Nanotechnology in action The challenges and opportunities of turning advances in nanotechnology into commercial products You know your children better than anyone, and you should judge whether they’re ready for this activity. You might want to think in particular about: If a remains the same, and θ is increasing, then by using trigonometry it can be shown that sin θ increases (up to 90 degrees) whereas cos θ decreases, making the horizontal component decrease and the vertical component increase. There are meteoroids traveling around throughout space, and all of the moons and planets have been impacted by meteorites since the formation of our solar system. (Note: they are called meteoroids when they're still in space, and meteorites when they land on a planet or moon). On Earth, we only see a few impact craters because of a couple of different reasons. First, most meteoroids never reach the Earth's surface because they burn up in the atmosphere. This is what we are seeing when we watch a shooting star during a meteor shower ( meteor refers to the visible streak of light). Second, impact craters from meteorites can be changed by geological forces (like earthquakes and continental movements), or eroded away by atmospheric forces (like wind or rain). There is no atmosphere on the moon, which means that falling meteoroids do not burn up and there is no weather to erode away the craters. In fact, the footprints of the astronauts who landed on the moon over 30 years ago are still there, perfectly preserved! Measure the mass of each impact object and note its mass in kg (1g=0.001 kg) on the spreadsheet provided.

Investigating Impact Craters - GCSE Science - Marked by Investigating Impact Craters - GCSE Science - Marked by

This graph is certainly unexpected. The crater length does indeed vary proportionally to the vertical height, but the crater depth appears to have no relationship whatsoever with the height (therefore the entry speed). It only appears to be affected by the entry angle, which determines the vertical component of the velocity. So this is due to the independence of horizontal and vertical motion – a law which is well demonstrated here. After carrying out this activity, students will understand the effect the mass, velocity and angle of an impacting object has on the resulting crater, in terms of diameter, depth and ejecta rays, and relate this information to the craters on the surfaces of Earth and the Moon. Goals Create a Physics World account to get access to all available digital issues of the monthly magazine. Your Physics World account is separate to any IOP accounts you may have. This activity is not recommended for use as a science fair project. Good science fair projects have a stronger focus on controlling variables, taking accurate measurements, and analyzing data. To find a science fair project that is just right for you, browse our library of over 1,200 Science Fair Project Ideas or use the Topic Selection Wizard to get a personalized project recommendation. However the length of the crater did not show any strong relationship with the drop height. I would have expected the craters to get shorter as the vertical drop height increased (due the vertical component increasing), which has happened very loosely. The results for this relationship are not sound enough for a conclusion to be made.Features Take a deeper look at the emerging trends and key issues within the global scientific community The striking conclusion for the researchers was that this mechanism is very similar to what would happen in a liquid. This meant that, in certain circumstances, the well-established equations for fluid dynamics could potentially be used to describe poorly-understood granular systems such as sand. Now, however, Lohse and co-workers have gone one step further and found that the ambient pressure of the air above the sand is related to the height of the jet and the depth of penetration of the ball. The Earth’s moon has many craters. Most were formed when meteors, bodies of solid matter from space, slammed into the lunar surface millions of years ago. Because the moon has almost no atmosphere, there is hardly any wind, erosion, or weathering. Craters and debris, called ejecta, from millions of years ago are still crystal-clear on the moon’s surface. Many of these craters are landmarks. Craters on the moon are named after everyone from American astronaut Buzz Aldrin to ancient Greek philosopher Zeno.

Craters in a Sandbox Physics - Craters in a Sandbox

I think that the answer is due to the properties of the landing material. The sand was very good at stopping balls dropped vertically or from a steep angle, but the retardation of balls at a shallow angle was much less. Only a frictional force was available to stop the smooth ball. This meant that the ball skipped across the sand, further than expected – as shown on the graph above. Flatten the flour/cocoa surface and repeat the experiment twice more with the same impact object, adding the results to your table. Hold the impact object directly above the container and measure the height. Note: since the time taken for the impact object to hit the flour/cocoa is to be timed, this distance should be made as large as possible to minimise timing errors. Unfortunately, even the impressive second shot could hardly be described as 'miles and miles and miles', but of course this has only ever been regarded as a light-hearted exaggeration." Using a known scale from images taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, a spacecraft launched in 2009 that took this photo in 2011, the point between divot and ball can then be measured.Refer to your spreadsheet. Using the two equations below, calculate the kinetic energy of each impact object as it hit the surface. Be sure to always drop the meteorites the same way and from the same height so that your results are accurate. The next step is to model the ball as a projectile, to investigate further the independence of horizontal and vertical components of motion. By changing the vertical height, the ball’s energy would by affected. It would be sensible to predict that more energy would make for longer, deeper craters.

Golf on the moon: Apollo 14 50th anniversary images - BBC

Lunar and Planetary Institute. (n.d.). Explore! Shaping the Planets: Impact Cratering. Retrieved July 11, 2013. On the left axis (y-axis), plot the average diameter of the crater (in cm), and on the bottom axis (x-axis), plot the diameter of the meteorite (in cm). The Monday Night Club discuss whether Jude Bellingham is England's best talent since Paul Gascoigne, after he was named best young player at Monday's Ballon d'Or ceremony. Astronomers think big! They want to understand the entire universe—the nature of the Sun, Moon, planets, stars, galaxies, and everything in between. An astronomer's work can be pure science—gathering and analyzing data from instruments and creating theories about the nature of cosmic objects—or the work can be applied to practical problems in space flight and navigation, or satellite communications. The semi-log graph certainly shows a straight line, so the relationship between drop angles greater than 25 degrees and the crater length is exponential. However this still leaves the question of those early angles, why aren’t they following any kind of trend?Do you have a smartphone with a slow-motion camera setting? Try filming your meteorite impacts in slow motion! What do you see when you watch the videos? Large lunar craters have stories to tell about explosive collisions of meteorites with the moon. But to interpret them fully, researchers need to learn in detail how they are created. Two teams have discovered that balls dropped into sand and other granular matter form craters remarkably similar to those on the moon. In the 16 May PRL, one team reports the relationships between a colliding object’s energy and the diameter and depth of impact craters. A second team, reporting in the 4 September PRL, recreated a variety of lunar crater shapes and examined the relationship between shape and energy of impact. Notice how the marbles make craters in the pan. The soil below the surface ( white flour ) is brought to the surface. Repeat steps 4-10 for all of your objects, each time recording the diameter of the three craters and the averages in the data table in your lab notebook. The pressurised suits severely restricted movement, and due to their helmet's visors they struggled to even see their feet.