It receives information from the inner ear's balance system, sensory nerves, and auditory and visual systems. It is involved in the coordination of movements as well as motor learning. Internal granular layer (IV): Consists mostly of the stellate cells and a smaller portion of the pyramidal cells. It is usually the narrowest layer Hurley RA, Flashman LA, Chow TW, Taber KH. The brainstem: anatomy, assessment, and clinical syndromes. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010;22(1):iv-7. doi:10.1176/jnp.2010.22.1.iv

If a brain aneurysm is detected before it ruptures, treatment may be recommended to prevent it rupturing in future. You may also be given medicine to reduce your blood pressure and advice about ways you can reduce your chances of a rupture, such as stopping smoking if you smoke. Why brain aneurysms develop The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, the brain and spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS. What is the brain made of? with many elevated ridges of tissue called gyri, alternating with grooves called sulci. This structural conformation is an important feature of the cerebral cortex because it increases the surface area of the cortex, and thus the number of neurons within it, allowing larger processing and cognitive abilities within the cerebral hemispheres. Lobes of the cerebral cortexThe vagus nerve: Plays many important roles, including carrying sensory information from the ear, heart, intestines A stroke is the result of decreased blood flow to one or more parts of the brain. The underlying pathology involves a hypoxic-ischemic injury that results in tissue death (infarction). The decrease in blood flow can result from either obstruction of the blood vessels (atherosclerotic plaque formation) or rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Strokes can be isolated to the anterior or posterior circulation depending on the vessels affected. Patients will experience symptoms based on the part of the brain that is affected. Anterior circulation infarction stop smoking – your GP can refer you to an NHS Stop Smoking Service for help and advice, or you can call the NHS Smoking Helpline on 0300 123 1044 The parahippocampal gyrus lies between the parahippocampal sulcus and the collateral sulcus which continues anteriorly as the rhinal sulcus. It contains the hippocampal formation and extends anteromedially as the uncus which contains the amygdala. The parahippocampal gyrus provides a path of communication between the hippocampus and all cortical association areas through which afferent impulses enter the hippocampus.The anatomy of the brain can be quite challenging. Learn neuroanatomy faster with our brain quizzes and diagrams!

a sudden agonising headache – it's been described as a "thunderclap headache", similar to a sudden hit on the head, resulting in a blinding pain unlike anything experienced before In case you have identified any alteration in the signals coming from the brain tissue, it’s useful to determine its location with respect to the lobes of the brain, since some pathological conditions tend to happen in specific lobes. There are six lobes of the brain; frontal, temporal, limbic, parietal, insular and occipital lobes. The insular and limbic lobes are the ones of particular interest in the brain MRI.There are usually no warning signs, but a subarachnoid haemorrhage sometimes happens during physical effort or straining, such as coughing, going to the toilet, lifting something heavy or having sex. Menshawi, K., Mohr, J., & Gutierrez, J. (2015). A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply. Journal Of Stroke, 17(2), 144. doi: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.144

Primary motor cortex (Area 4), premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex (Area 6), frontal eye field (Area 8), prefrontal cortex (Areas 9, 10) Porn has transformed over the past few decades, due to the availability of the internet and faster web connections. It is also becoming more immersive than ever before. Take virtual reality. Earlier this year, researchers from Newcastle University in the UK pointed out that VR changes the experience of porn from detached observer to protagonist. They warned that this has the potential to blur the line between reality and fantasy, perhaps damaging relationships and encouraging harmful behaviour.Medical imaging technique used to examine the structure and function of the nervous tissue and soft tissues