A referendum on restoring the historic name was held on 12 June 1991, with 55% of voters supporting " Saint Petersburg" and 43% supporting " Leningrad". [24] The turnout was 65% [ citation needed]. Renaming the city Petrograd was not an option. This change officially took effect on 6 September 1991. [25] Meanwhile, the oblast whose administrative center is also in Saint Petersburg is still named Leningrad. a b Banaszak, Leonard J. (2000). Foundations of Structural Biology. Burlington: Elsevier. ISBN 9780080521848. a b "Петроград – Энциклопедия "Вокруг света" ". Vokrugsveta.ru. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021 . Retrieved 23 April 2017. Kann, Pavel Yakovlevich (1963). Leningrad: A Short Guide. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House. pp.132–133. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023 . Retrieved 9 February 2011. The city's long-time basketball team is BC Spartak Saint Petersburg, which launched the career of Andrei Kirilenko. BC Spartak Saint Petersburg won two championships in the USSR Premier League (1975 and 1992), two USSR Cups (1978 and 1987), and a Russian Cup title (2011). They also won the Saporta Cup twice (1973 and 1975). Legends of the club include Alexander Belov and Vladimir Kondrashin. BC Zenit Saint Petersburg also play in the city, being formed in 2014.

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Having passed the role of capital to Petersburg, Moscow never relinquished the title of "capital", being called pervoprestolnaya ('first-throned') for 200 years. An equivalent name for Petersburg, the "Northern Capital", has re-entered usage today since several federal institutions were recently moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. Solemn descriptive names like "the city of three revolutions" and "the cradle of the October revolution" used in the Soviet era are reminders of the pivotal events in national history that occurred here. Petropolis is a translation of a city name to Greek, and is also a kind of descriptive name: Πέτρ- is a Greek root for 'stone', so the "city from stone" emphasizes the material that had been forcibly made obligatory for construction from the first years of the city [21] (a modern Greek translation is Αγία Πετρούπολη, Agia Petroupoli). [26] [ failed verification] Consulate General of Sweden – Sweden and Saint Petersburg". Swedenabroad.com. 17 October 2005. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009 . Retrieved 6 January 2009.

Main article: Economy of Saint Petersburg The Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum is a major Russian investment forum. TROUILLARD, Stéphanie (8 August 2021). " 'An unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe': The siege of Leningrad, 80 years on". France24. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023 . Retrieved 10 April 2023. Load-bearing [ edit ] A traditional Sami food storage structure Gothic quadripartite cross-ribbed vaults of the Saint-Séverin church in Paris Over 250 international and Russian movies were filmed in Saint Petersburg. [128] Well over a thousand feature films about tsars, revolution, people and stories set in Saint Petersburg have been produced worldwide but not filmed in the city. The first film studios were founded in Saint Petersburg in the 20th century and since the 1920s Lenfilm has been the largest film studio based in Saint Petersburg. The first foreign feature movie filmed entirely in Saint Petersburg was the 1997 production of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, starring Sophie Marceau and Sean Bean and made by an international team of British, American, French and Russian filmmakers. Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; H. Craig, Heller (2003). Life, the science of biology (7thed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. pp. 41–44. ISBN 9780716798569.

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a b Carpinteri, Alberto (2002). Structural Mechanics: A unified approach. CRC Press. ISBN 9780203474952. The Port of Saint Petersburg has three large cargo terminals, Bolshoi Port Saint Petersburg, Kronstadt, and Lomonosov terminal. [ citation needed] International cruise liners have been served at the passenger port at Morskoy Vokzal on the south-west of Vasilyevsky Island. In 2008 the first two berths opened at the New Passenger Port on the west of the island. [99] The new passenger terminal is part of the city's "Marine Facade" development project [100] and was due to have seven berths in operation by 2010. [ needs update] Williams, Harold (1914). Russia of the Russians. Pitman & Sons. p. 33 . Retrieved 12 February 2016. The effects of loads on physical structures are determined through structural analysis, which is one of the tasks of structural engineering. The structural elements can be classified as one-dimensional ( ropes, struts, beams, arches), two-dimensional ( membranes, plates, slab, shells, vaults), or three-dimensional (solid masses). [2] :2 Three-dimensional elements were the main option available to early structures such as Chichen Itza. A one-dimensional element has one dimension much larger than the other two, so the other dimensions can be neglected in calculations; however, the ratio of the smaller dimensions and the composition can determine the flexural and compressive stiffness of the element. Two-dimensional elements with a thin third dimension have little of either but can resist biaxial traction. [2] :2–3 The Structure of Arguments". Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic. philosophy.lander.edu . Retrieved 4 October 2015.Angliamea.ro - locuri de muncă în Londra / Anglia, locuințe, anunțuri și știri pentru românii din UK. On the territory between the Neva and Nevsky Prospekt the Church of the Savior on Blood, Mikhailovsky Palace housing the Russian Museum, Field of Mars, St. Michael's Castle, Summer Garden, Tauride Palace, Smolny Institute and Smolny Convent are located. Church of the Savior on Blood, seen from Griboyedov Canal Smolny Convent, an example of Baroque architecture A former spelling of the city's name in English was Saint Petersburgh, under the influence of burgh. This spelling survives in the name of a street in the Bayswater district of London, near St Sophia's Cathedral, named after a visit by the Tsar to London in 1814. [20] Swedish colonists built Nyenskans, a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River in 1611, which was later called Ingermanland. This area was inhabited by a Finnic tribe of Ingrians. The small town of Nyen grew up around the fort. The average maximum temperature in July is 23°C (73°F), and the average minimum temperature in February is −8.5°C (16.7°F); an extreme temperature of 37.1°C (98.8°F) occurred during the 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat wave. A winter minimum of −35.9°C (−32.6°F) was recorded in 1883. The average annual temperature is 5.8°C (42.4°F). The Neva River within the city limits usually freezes up in November–December and break-up occurs in April. From December to March there are 118 days on average with snow cover, which reaches an average snow depth of 19cm (7.5in) by February. [64] The frost-free period in the city lasts on average for about 135 days. Despite St. Petersburg's northern location, its winters are warmer than Moscow's due to the Gulf of Finland and some Gulf Stream influence from Scandinavian winds that can bring temperature slightly above freezing. The city also has a slightly warmer climate than its suburbs. Weather conditions are quite variable all year round. [65] [66]

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The city's 18th and 19th-century architectural ensemble and its environs is preserved in virtually unchanged form. For various reasons (including large-scale destruction during World War II and construction of modern buildings during the postwar period in the largest historical centres of Europe), Saint Petersburg has become a unique reserve of European architectural styles of the past three centuries. Saint Petersburg's loss of capital city status helped it retain many of its pre-revolutionary buildings, as modern architectural 'prestige projects' tended to be built in Moscow; this largely prevented the rise of mid-to-late-20th century architecture and helped maintain the architectural appearance of the historic city centre. From 1924 to 1991 the city was known as 'Leningrad'. This is a picture of the Saint Petersburg port entrance with an old 'Ленинград' (Leningrad) sign.Century in the Russian history". Rusmania. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022 . Retrieved 3 December 2020. Saint Petersburg is home to more than two hundred museums, many of them in historic buildings. The largest is the Hermitage Museum that features the interiors of the former imperial residence and a vast collection of art. The Russian Museum is a large museum devoted to Russian fine art. The apartments of some famous Petersburgers, including Alexander Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Feodor Chaliapin, Alexander Blok, Vladimir Nabokov, Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Joseph Brodsky, as well as some palace and park ensembles of the southern suburbs and notable architectural monuments such as St. Isaac's Cathedral, have also been turned into public museums.