a b van Driem, George (2019). The Tale of Tea A Comprehensive History of Tea from Prehistoric Times to the Present Day. Brill. pp.604–701. ISBN 9789004386259. India's tea exporters suffer with decline of 9 million kg in shipments in 2015". The Economic Times. 10 August 2020. [ permanent dead link]

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Tea-garde closures in the Dooars could reduce output by 50 million kg". Business Standard, 1 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020 . Retrieved 8 July 2020. In 1717, the Mughal court in Delhi recognized the hereditary monarchy of the Nawab of Bengal. The ruler was officially titled as the "Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa", as the Nawab ruled over the three regions in the eastern subcontinent. The Nawabs began issuing their own coins but continued to pledge nominal allegiance to the Mughal emperor. The wealth of Bengal was vital for the Mughal court because Delhi received its biggest share of revenue from the Nawab's court. The Nawabs presided over a period of unprecedented economic growth and prosperity, including an era of growing organization in textiles, banking, a military-industrial complex, the production of fine quality handicrafts, and other trades. A process of proto-industrialisation was underway. Under the Nawabs, the streets of Bengali cities were filled with brokers, workers, peons, naibs, wakils, and ordinary traders. [48] The Nawab's state was a major exporter of Bengal muslin, silk, gunpowder and saltpetre. The Nawabs also permitted European trading companies to operate in Bengal, including the British East India Company, the French East India Company, the Danish East India Company, the Austrian East India Company, the Ostend Company, and the Dutch East India Company. The Nawabs were also suspicious of the growing influence of these companies. Bengali culture, particularly its literature, music, art and cinema, are well known in South Asia and beyond. The region is also notable for its economic and social scientists, which includes several Nobel laureates. Once home to the city with the highest per capita income level in British India, [9] [10] the region is today a leader in South Asia in terms of gender parity, the gender pay gap and other indices of human development. Tea plantations in the region are spread over 97,280 hectares (240,400 acres). The region produces 226 million kg of tea, accounting for about a quarter of India’s total tea crop. [1] There are 154 gardens in the Dooars out of 283 tea gardens in north Bengal that employ 3.5 lakh workers. [4] Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the British but there was significant contribution of Indian entrepreneurs. [2] ( #The figure can vary, as per source.) Bengal Tea & Fabrics Ltd has informed that Mr. Abhijit Datta has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Company with immediate effect.

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As per industry sources, labour cost is about 60 per cent of the cost of production of tea. As cost of labour rises, tea garden operations are becoming increasingly unviable. Between 2002 and 2007, 17 tea gardens shut down in the Dooars and the renowned Goenka Duncans group recently shut down 7 tea gardens. The latter alone lead to the loss of employment for around 25,000 workers. At least 1,200 deaths have been reported in the area. [20] Here's Why The Launch Of Nepal Tea Will Benefit Darjeeling Tea Lovers". Vahdam India. 19 February 2018. a b Koehler, Jeff (2015). Darjeeling: The Colorful History and Precarious Fate of the World's Greatest Tea. Bloomsbury USA. pp.61–72. ISBN 9781620405123. The Bangladesh Tea Board and the Bangladesh Tea Research Institute support the production, certification and exportation of the tea trade in the country. [22] The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute began the improvement of tea quality in 1957, selecting bushes with the best yield and quality to introduce germplasm as a system of improvement. [23] See also [ edit ]

Revisiting Munnar Strikes: A Fight For The Rights Of Tea Revisiting Munnar Strikes: A Fight For The Rights Of Tea

Washabarie Tea Co. Pvt. Ltd". Tofler. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020 . Retrieved 19 July 2020. Southeast Bengal [86] [87] [88] refers to the hilly and coastal Bengali-speaking areas of Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh. Southeast Bengal is noted for its thalassocratic and seafaring heritage. The area was dominated by the Bengali Harikela and Samatata kingdoms in antiquity. It was known to Arab traders as Harkand in the 9th century. [89] During the medieval period, the region was ruled by the Sultanate of Bengal, the Kingdom of Tripura, the Kingdom of Mrauk U, the Portuguese Empire and the Mughal Empire, prior to the advent of British rule. The Chittagonian language, a sister of Bengali is prevalent in coastal areas of southeast Bengal. Along with its Bengali population, it is also home to Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups, including the Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya and Bawm peoples. Main articles: Bangladesh-India relations, Indians in Bangladesh, and Bangladeshis in India A meeting between the naval commanders of India and Bangladesh Bangladeshi tea workers strike against dollar-a-day wages". The Economic Times . Retrieved 27 August 2022.The Indian state of Assam shares many cultural similarities with Bengal. The Assamese language uses the same script as the Bengali language. The Barak Valley has a Bengali-speaking majority population. During the Partition of India, Assam was also partitioned along with Bengal. The Sylhet Division joined East Bengal in Pakistan, with the exception of Karimganj which joined Indian Assam. Previously, East Bengal and Assam were part of a single province called Eastern Bengal and Assam between 1905 and 1912 under the British Raj. [100] Koehler, Jeff (2015). Darjeeling: The Colorful History and Precarious Fate of the World's Greatest Tea. Bloomsbury USA. pp.141–151. ISBN 9781620405123. Ishrat Alam; Syed Ejaz Hussain (2011). The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray. Primus Books. p.273. ISBN 978-93-80607-16-0. To think of this strike only in terms of class relations would be an erasure of the novelty of the space that it has carved out for “collective bargaining” which calls for a more inclusive reimagination of the “labour question”.

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Tea Gardens". PIB, 10 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020 . Retrieved 11 June 2020.Historically, Bengal was the terminus of the Tea Horse Road connecting the subcontinent with China's early tea-growing regions in Yunnan. Atisa is regarded as one of the earliest Bengali drinkers of tea. [7] Darjeeling teas are best known for the muscatel flavour, described as a " musky spiciness", [21] "a unique muscat-like fruitiness in aroma and flavour", [22] that develops in the second flush and is present to a lesser degree in the subsequent autumnal flush. While general tea flavours are created by thearubigins and theaflavins, chemical analysis on Darjeeling teas show their unique muscatel flavour is the result of 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-octatrien-3-ol and 2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octa-diene-2,6-diol, with other aromatic compounds coming from linalool, benzyl alcohol, cis-3-hexenol, α-farnesene, benzyl nitrile, indole, nerolidol and ocimene. [2] Otherwise, Darjeeling teas are described as possessing a flowery fragrance and fruity (grapes, plums, apricots, peaches, pineapple, guava, or citrus fruits), flowery and woody aroma notes, and a little more astringency than their Chinese counterparts. [18] [4] [23] Organization [ edit ] Tea Board of India. "State/region wise and month wise tea production data for the year 2021" (PDF) . Retrieved 23 July 2022. West Bengal is a constituent state of the Republic of India, with local executives and assemblies- features shared with other states in the Indian federal system. The president of India appoints a governor as the ceremonial representative of the union government. The governor appoints the chief minister on the nomination of the legislative assembly. The chief minister is the traditionally the leader of the party or coalition with most seats in the assembly. President's rule is often imposed in Indian states as a direct intervention of the union government led by the prime minister of India. a b "Tea Growing Regions". Dooars and Terai. Indian Tea Association. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020 . Retrieved 18 July 2020.

Bengal: tea plantations and other Raj-era relics West Bengal: tea plantations and other Raj-era relics

a b Koehler, Jeff (2015). Darjeeling: The Colorful History and Precarious Fate of the World's Greatest Tea. Bloomsbury USA. pp.171–182. ISBN 9781620405123. Group Business". Andrew Yule & Co. Ltd. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020 . Retrieved 18 June 2020. Odisha, previously known as Orissa, has a significant Bengali minority. Historically, the region has faced invasions from Bengal, including an invasion by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah. [116] Parts of the region were ruled by the Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal. The Nawab of Bengal was styled as the "Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa" because the Nawab was granted jurisdiction over Orissa by the Mughal Emperor. [103] Tibet [ edit ] The men be it tea plantation labourers or the trade union leaders were all merely “allowed” to occupy the peripheral space both literally as well as metaphorically throughout the movement. Behind Closed and Abandoned Tea Gardens- Status Report of India" (PDF). Centre for Education and Communication. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2020 . Retrieved 21 July 2020.The two major political forces in the Bengali-speaking zone of India are the Left Front and the Trinamool Congress, with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress being minor players. There are hand-sized spiders at the breakfast table, leopards on the nearby road, and persistent traffic mayhem, but, as fellow tourist Alistair maintains, it's wise to "just go with it". It's the best advice for the nervously disposed negotiating West Bengal. Main article: Bengal Presidency Victoria Memorial in Calcutta The Battle of Plassey in 1757 ushered British rule The Bengal Presidency at its greatest extent between 1858 and 1867 Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. Ltd". Kothari Group. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020 . Retrieved 19 July 2020.