Quantitative outcomes showed decreases in perceived stress and increased self-efficacy, mindfulness, self-reflection, and empathy. In focus groups, students reported greater abilities to self-regulate stressful experiences, personal growth and new insights into integrative medicine. Triangulation grounded these effects of MBM practice in its social context, creating an interdependent dynamic between experiences of self and others. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, et al. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med. 2009;84(9):1182–91. Quantitative data were collected through printed and online questionnaires. Participants were asked to complete them before the first and after the last course session. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, no primary or secondary outcomes were predefined; furthermore, no sample size calculation was performed. An analysis of course motivation revealed that students’ desire for improved well-being and reduced perception of everyday life stress was a main motivator for participation. Anxiety was commonly reported among participants, brought on by exam periods, feelings of falling behind on academic achievement in a competitive environment, even causing strain on students’ personal lives. Some students complained of experiencing physical symptoms, such as nausea, tinnitus, high blood pressure, and insomnia. Ishak W, Nikravesh R, Lederer S, et al. Burnout in medical students: a systematic review. Clin Teach. 2013;10(4):242–5.

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Blue eyed vixen with smoking hot figure captivatingly poses by the pool while wearing a purple bikiniQualitative findings corroborate the quantitative results of increased mindfulness, self-reflection, and empathy, providing a narrative that relates these three outcome values. Students’ accounts of their course experience link their exposure to mindfulness and other MBM practices to increased self-reflection, empathy, and recognition of self in the other. An interdependence between individual and group experiences constitutes the core of these findings, present on three levels. (see Fig. 1): Relating to the patient from your own experience] creates a completely different impression than working from book [knowledge].(FGWS16.F1). Well-being & stress reduction

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Dyrbye LN, Harper W, Durning SJ, et al. Patterns of distress in US medical students. Med Teach. 2011;33(10):834–9.

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Joyful brunette treats us with a tempting undressing and exhibition of her all natural figure with juicy natural boobs At a relational level, students` descriptions of group discourse reflect qualities of individual mental states fostered by MBM mindfulness practices such as openness, non-discursiveness and non-judgemental attitude. In her paper on problems with psychometric evaluation of health based QoL, Güthlin [ 15] expands on the confounding effect of “response shift”. Outcomes of QoL measurements may reflect real changes or they may be the consequence of “response shift” - a cognitive change in the reference system of the patient or changes in the values and concepts held about health and disease [ 15, 30]. After course participation students reported an increased awareness of the connection between stress, well-being, and self-care practices. However, they also described their difficulties to implement and sustain MBM practices both personally and in the face of a wider academic and medical system often perceived as largely uncaring about self-care practices. Thus, while both qualitative data and a reduction in quantitative stress measure (PSS) support a beneficial effect of course participation on students’ well-being, the overall experience may also have resulted in a shift of values and views that adversely affected QoL appraisal. This study’s qualitative results show that stress relief and self-regulation were primary motivations, but other motivations, such as professional interest in MBM as a future tool for patient care, have also been reported. It is possible that students motivated primarily by personal stress relief benefit from course participation in a different way from others. Divergent study outcomes may thus be a result of their respective group composition.

Self-care strategies for medical students: an uncontrolled

High stress during medical education and its detrimental effects on student health is well documented. This exploratory evaluation study assesses a 10-week Mind-Body-Medicine student course, created to promote student self-care at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.At baseline, participants scored about one standard deviation above the mean of the standard PSS for German students [ 21], indicating a high stress load (see Table 3). Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmüller V, et al. Empirische Erfassung der Achtsamkeit - Die Konstruktion des Freiburger Fragebogens zur Achtsamkeit (FFA) und weitere Validierungsstudien. In: Heidenreich T, Michalak J, editors. Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Tübingen: dgvt; 2004. p. 727–65. Schwartz CE, Rapkin BD, et al. Reconsidering the psychometrics of quality of life assessment in light of response shift and appraisal. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004;2(1):16. Learning about MBM and CIM as disciplines of modern medicine was reported as a primary motivation for course enrollment. Some participants sought to acquire proficiency in MBM techniques as tools for their future patient care. Students reported increased knowledge of MBM techniques as a main benefit of the course, emphasizing the value of practical experience. New perspectives on the value of MBM and CIM gained through the course led to what students described as a broader, “more holistic” view of the scope of medical practice and the relationship between healthcare professionals and their patients. Triangulation—experiences of self and the other Participants showed improvement across most quantitative measures, including mindfulness, self-reflection, self-efficacy, and perceived stress. However, there were no changes in participant-reported QoL. Empathy, as an ability to take others’ perspective, showed improvement, as did the sense of distress at experiencing empathy. These outcomes were corroborated by focus groups reporting increases in students’ ability to self-regulate stressful experiences and improve their relationships with themselves and others. Participants also recognized the importance of MBM values in the doctor–patient relationship, patient care, and a more holistic view of medicine.

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BiMGirls | Eraudica | PhotoDromm | Superbe.com | Gallery of Nudes | A-M-O-C | OnlyTease | This Year's Model | Zishy.com | Emily Bloom Dobos G, Altner N, Lange S, et al. [Mind-body medicine as a part of german integrative medicine]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2006;49(8):723–8. Brunette vixen craves to amaze us by flaunting her slender and smooth sculpture with a nicely shaped torso Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med. 2011;86(8):996–1009.This study hasn’t shown a meaningful change in MBM course participants’ mental or physical health QoL, as assessed by the SF-12, whereas Esch et al. showed an improvement for mental QoL SF-12 levels in MBM group compared to control [ 13]. Yet it is possible that the SF-12 is not suitable for use in a sample of generally healthy medical students. The SF-36, and its short version SF-12, were originally developed to assess QoL changes in patients with reduced health [ 5, 35] and when tested within a sample of healthy patients, the original SF-36 sub-scales, MCS and PCS, were not always found to be independent [ 27]. Potential MCS changes in our healthy population sample may therefore have been masked. I tried to remember the thoughts that would come up [during meditation] and take them with me. I had the feeling, ‘What’s coming up in my mind there […] is really [what is] concerning me at the moment, even if I do not realize it usually’. And that has helped me a lot. (FGWS18.PF) All models pictured nude on Body in Mind were at least 18 years old and of legal age when photographed. Our results support those of previous studies on MBM programs for medical students at both American and European universities, which used either PSS [ 14, 20], distress tolerance [ 22], or salivary cortisol levels [ 23] to measure stress reduction. While decreased stress and increased self-care were also among the main results of qualitative MBM course evaluations [ 13, 14, 29], other quantitative studies could not replicate these effects on stress reduction using the PSS [ 7, 13, 33]. Ware J, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker D, et al. How to score version 2 of the SF-12 Health Survey. Lincoln, US: Quality Metric Incorporated; 2002.