Upstream USB connectors supply power at a nominal 5 V DC via the V_BUS pin to downstream USB devices.

USB-C (officially USB Type-C) is a standard that defines a new connector, and several new connection features. Among them it supports Alternate Mode, which allows transporting other protocols via the USB-C connector and cable. This is commonly used to support the DisplayPort or HDMI protocols, which allows connecting a display, such as a computer monitor or television set, via USB-C. Hershenhoren, Razi; Reznik, Omer (October 2010). "USB2.0 Protocol Engine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2020 . Retrieved 30 January 2019.

Please note:

Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification" (PDF). 12 November 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2012 . Retrieved 29 December 2012– via www.gaw.ru. a b c "Universal Serial Bus 3.2 Specification" (ZIP) (Revision 1.1ed.). USB Implementers Forum. June 2022 . Retrieved 27 April 2023. The D± signals used by low, full, and high speed are carried over a twisted pair (typically unshielded) to reduce noise and crosstalk. SuperSpeed uses separate transmit and receive differential pairs, which additionally require shielding (typically, shielded twisted pair but twinax is also mentioned by the specification). Thus, to support SuperSpeed data transmission, cables contain twice as many wires and are larger in diameter. [34] USB ports and connectors are often color-coded to distinguish their different functions and USB versions. These colors are not part of the USB specification and can vary between manufacturers; for example, the USB3.0 specification mandates appropriate color-coding while it only recommends blue inserts for Standard-A USB3.0 connectors and plugs. [8] Connector types [ edit ]

Micro-USB was endorsed as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices by the cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP) in 2007. [17] The USB3.1 specification introduced an Enhanced SuperSpeed System – while preserving the SuperSpeed architecture and protocol ( SuperSpeed USB) – with an additional SuperSpeedPlus architecture and protocol (aka SuperSpeedPlus USB) adding a new coding schema (128b/132b symbols, 10 Gbps; also known as Gen 2), for some time period marketed as SupeerSpeed+ ( SS+).The eSATA connector is a more robust SATA connector, intended for connection to external hard drives and SSDs. eSATA's transfer rate (up to 6Gbit/s) is similar to that of USB3.0 (up to 5Gbit/s) and USB3.1 (up to 10Gbit/s). A device connected by eSATA appears as an ordinary SATA device, giving both full performance and full compatibility associated with internal drives. Brant, Tom (4 March 2019). "Thunderbolt 3 Merges With USB to Become USB4". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019 . Retrieved 4 March 2019. Universal Serial Bus ( USB) is an industry standard that allows data exchange and delivery of power between many various types of electronics. It specifies its architecture, in particular its the physical interface, and communication protocols for data transfer and power delivery to and from hosts, such as personal computers, to and from peripheral devices, e.g. displays, keyboards, and mass storage devices, and to and from intermediate hubs, which multiply the number of a host's ports. [2] USB was originally designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to computers, replacing various interfaces such as serial ports, parallel ports, game ports, and ADB ports, [3] and prior versions of USB became commonplace on a wide range of devices, such as keyboards, mice, cameras, printers, scanners, flash drives, smartphones, game consoles, and power banks. [4] [5] It has evolved into a standard to replace virtually all common ports on computers, mobile devices, peripherals, power supplies, and manifold other small electronics. In the current standard the USB-C connector replaces the many various connectors for power (up to 240W), displays (e.g. DisplayPort, HDMI), and many other uses, as well as all previous USB connectors. a b "USB Power Delivery". USB.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021 . Retrieved 27 May 2021. Per the base specification, any device attached to a standard downstream port (SDP) must initially be a low-power device, with high-power mode contingent on later USB configuration by the host. Charging ports, however, can immediately supply between 0.5 and 1.5A of current. The charging port must not apply current limiting below 0.5A, and must not shut down below 1.5A or before the voltage drops to 2V. [50]

What Is the Maximum Length of a USB Cable?". Techwalla.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017 . Retrieved 18 November 2017. The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as USB On-The-Go in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables. PIIX) and 82371SB (PIIX3) PCI ISA IDE Xcelerator" (PDF). Intel. May 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2016 . Retrieved 12 March 2016. FireWire vs. USB2.0 – Bandwidth Tests". Archived from the original on 12 August 2007 . Retrieved 25 August 2007. USB4 products may optionally offer interoperability with the HDMI, MHL, and VirtualLink Alternate Modes.Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 14931 for PC". Windows Experience Blog. 21 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016 . Retrieved 7 May 2018. We now have native support for USB Audio 2.0 devices with an inbox class driver! This is an early version of the driver that does not have all features enabled Devices that draw no more than one unit are said to be low-power devices. All devices must act as low-power devices when starting out as unconfigured. For USB devices up to USB2.0 a unit load is 100mA (or 500mW), while USB3.0 defines a unit load as 150mA (750mW). Full-Featured USB-C Fabrics can support low-power devices with a unit load of 250mA (or 1250mW). a b "Cables and Long-Haul Solutions". USB 2.0 Frequently Asked Questions. USB Implementers Forum. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011 . Retrieved 28 April 2019. DisplayPort Alternate Mode 2.0: USB4 (requiring USB-C) requires that hubs support DisplayPort 2.0 over a USB-C Alternate Mode. DisplayPort 2.0 can support 8K resolution at 60Hz with HDR10 color. [120] DisplayPort 2.0 can use up to 80 Gbit/s, which is double the amount available to USB data, because it sends all the data in one direction (to the monitor) and can thus use all eight data wires at once. [120]