How to best define inner speech, then? Broader and narrower definitions seem possible. Some authors highlight phenomenological experience and claim that “[i]nner speech can be defined as the subjective experience of language in the absence of overt and audible articulation” (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 2015, p. 931). And while this definition is tailor-made to capture consciously experienced episodes of inner speech, one might also define inner speaking more ‘mechanistically’ (cf. Kompa and Mueller 2020), less phenomenologically. Focusing on inner speaking (i.e., inner speech acts)—as opposed to inner reading, writing, or listening—I propose that inner speaking be defined as an inner episode that substantially engages the speech production system. Vygotsky, L. S. 1999. Tool and sign in the development of the child. In The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky, eds. Scientific Legacy, ed. R. W., and Rieber, vol. 6, 2–68. New York and London: Plenum Press.

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You may prefer to use the word 'themes' to describe the different topics of your obsessions and compulsions. You may have one theme, or lots of different ones. They may change or come and go over time. Some themes may bother you more than others. van Gelder, T. 1995. What might cognition be, if not computation? The Journal of Philosophy 92 (7): 345–381.Varley, R. V., and M. Siegal. 2000. Evidence for cognition without grammar from causal reasoning and ‘theory of mind’ in an agrammatic aphasic patient. Current Biology 10 (12): 723–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00538-8.

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As often as feels right for you. It’s useful before wellness practices such as meditation or yoga and as a calming evening ritual. Here are a few times when you’ll find it particularly effective… Martinez-Manrique, F., and A. Vicente. 2010. What the. .! The role of inner speech in conscious thought. Journal of Consciousness Studies 17: 141–167.Pure-O is a bit of a misleading name, as it implies it does not involve compulsions. This is not the case. With pure-O, compulsions happen internally. They are thought-based, such as thinking a certain phrase or image to ‘resolve’ an intrusive thought. My OCD began with mild obsessions and compulsions that developed when I was around 15, and slowly worsened throughout my GCSEs and A-Levels. It wasn’t until university that I realised what I was dealing with might be OCD. Like many people, I found that the stress of moving to university, living alone and starting my degree brought up every little mental health thing I’d been pushing to one side.