Anderson M, Gerber M. Introduction to humanitarian emergencies. In: Townes D, editor. Health in humanitarian emergencies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2018. pp. 1–10. [ Google Scholar] Environmental (climate-related hazard exposure): chronic and long-lasting disasters of over 15 days (drought, floods) The process required all humanitarian organisations to obtain permission to do a needs assessment before they can deliver aid to beneficiaries. The government also established Humanitarian Coordinating Centres in the capitals of the North West and South West regions to monitor incoming relief (distribution and traceability).

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Constant high level of violent events and fatalities recorded with periods of over 5 years of acute conflict Despite the escalating conflict and its growing longevity, the government has been intransigent to separatist requests to discuss the form of the state (independence from French Cameroon) in the presence of an international mediator. The government continues to predominantly use military means to resolve the crisis and separatists seem to have vowed to continue fighting for independence. The national dialogue held in October 2019 to end the crisis has not yielded much fruits. Rather, the fighting and mayhem persists. Those actually benefiting are probably the private for-profit organisations supplying arms to the belligerent forces. Crises that last for several years result in a significant reduction in most human development indicators.Bang H, Miles L, Gordon R (2019b) Evaluating local vulnerability and organisational resilience to frequent flooding in Africa: the case of Northern Cameroon. Foresight 21(2):266–284. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-06-2018-0068 Thierry P, Stieltjes L, Kouokam E, Nguéya P, Salley P (2008) Multi-hazard risk mapping and assessment on an active volcano: the GRINP project at Mount Cameroon. Nat Hazards 45:429–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9177-3 Chereji C, Lohkoko E (2012) Cameroon: the Anglophone problem. Conflict studies quarterly. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259178198_Cameroon_the_Anglophone_Problem. Accessed 10 Feb 2020

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Dominguez G. How political instability affected Nepal’s disaster preparedness. 2015. [ Google Scholar] The Anglophone crisis is characterised by human rights violations. On January 17, 2017, the government shut down Internet access in the restive region for 93 days to curtail dissent amongst the population. This was regarded by many local and international organisations Footnote 14 as an outright violation of constitutional and human rights to access information and freedom of expression (Calis 2018).College of Technology, The University of Bamenda, P. O. Box 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon