Sword of Allah: Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns

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Agha Ali Ibrahim Akram ( Urdu: آغا ابراہیم اکرم), (1989- 1923) better known as A. I. Akram was a Lieutenant-General in the Pakistan Army and a historian. He wrote books about early Muslim conquests. His most famous book The Sword of Allah is a biography of Muslim general, Khalid ibn al-Walid. He retired from the Pakistan Army as Lieutenant-General in 1978. He also served as Pakistan's Ambassador to Spain. He founded the Institute of Regional Studies in 1982 and remained its president till his death in 1989. [1] Biography [ edit ] In 1978, he retired from Pakistan Army as a Lieutenant-General after being superseded by General Zia-ul Haq. [7] History makes it clear however, that the legend of fanatical Muslims, sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the point of sword upon conquered races is one of the most fantastically absurd myths that historians have ever repeated."

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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License and the GFDL; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Austrian statesman, journalist and author; former foreign correspondent for the Frankfurter Zeitung; author of Islam at Cross Roads and Road to Makkah and translator of the Quran. (Embraced Islam in 1926). Crone, P. (1978). "Khālid b. al-Walīd". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.& Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume IV: Iran–Kha (2nded.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp.928–929. OCLC 758278456. Jandora, John W. (1985). "The Battle of the Yarmūk: A Reconstruction". Journal of Asian History. 19 (1): 8–21. JSTOR 41930557.Humphreys, R. Stephen, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XV: The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of ʿUthmān, A.D. 644–656/A.H. 24–35. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0154-5. The child became a boy; and as he reached the age of boyhood he came to realise with a thrill of pride that he was the son of a chief. His father, Al Waleed, was the Chief of the Bani Makhzum – one of the noblest clans of the Quraish – and was also known in Makkah by the title of AlWaheed- the Unique.

The Sword Of Allah, Khalid ibn al-Walid (Part 1) The Sword Of Allah, Khalid ibn al-Walid (Part 1)

growing up in a traditional Islamic environment, most of the historic text about the Prophet and his companions that I have came across generally falls into two categories; the ones that is heavy on the spiritual aspect of everything, and the ones that is heavy on the facts only. What made this book special is the fact the book managed to be both a spiritual and a factual book about one of the most famous among the Prophet Muhammad's companions. And the fact that it is written by a military man made the book a lot batter as the author describes in details of the battle up to a point that I feel like I am hearing the battle that took place as a play by play by a sports commentator. Arif, Khalid Mahmud (1995). Working with Zia: Pakistan Power Politics, 1977–1988. USA: Oxford University Press. p.43. ISBN 978-0-19-577570-9. But while they were both intelligent, strong and forceful by nature, neither had patience or tact. They were to continue to compete with each other in almost everything that they did. a b Tikekar, Maneesha (2004). Across the Wagah: An Indian's Sojourn in Pakistan. Promilla. p.34. ISBN 978-81-85002-34-7. Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi ( Arabic: خالد بن الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي, romanized: Khālid ibn al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīra al-Makhzūmī; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career in service to Muhammad and the first two Rashidun caliphs: Abu Bakr and Umar. Khalid played the leading command roles in the Ridda Wars against rebel tribes in Arabia in 632–633, the initial campaigns in Sasanian Iraq in 633–634, and the conquest of Byzantine Syria in 634–638.Bosworth, C. E. (1960). "Buzākha". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B.& Pellat, Ch. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume I: A–B (2nded.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. p.1358. OCLC 495469456. The author has, to a certain extent, succeeded in presenting the humane aspects of Khalid, without indulging in over glorification of his achievements. His relationship with his cousin, and the second Caliph , Umar bin Al Khattab has been dwelt upon at length, without blaming either of them for the turn of events which culminated in Khalid's termination from active military service . Most of the Muslim accounts are traced to the prominent 8th-century jurist of Syria, al-Awza'i, and among the Muslim historians, the Damascus-based Ibn Asakir devotes the most attention to it, recording six versions of the text. The earliest Christian accounts of the treaty were recorded by the Syriac author Dionysius of Tel Mahre and the Melkite patriarch Eutychius of Alexandria. [130]

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Khalid, warrior, champion, companion of Mohammed (SWT), the Sword of Allah, truly incredible. He is inarguably one of the greatest generals of all time, winning 45 battles and never once losing one. He was also responsible for the only defeat Mohammed (SWT) suffered in his own military career. Utterly incredible. Several traditions relate the Muslims' capture of Damascus. [124] The most popular narrative is preserved by the Damascus-based Ibn Asakir (d. 1175), according to whom Khalid and his men breached the Bab Sharqi gate. [124] Khalid and his men scaled the city's eastern walls and killed the guards and other defenders at Bab Sharqi. [126] As his forces entered from the east, Muslim forces led by Abu Ubayda had entered peacefully from the western Bab al-Jabiya gate after negotiations with Damascene notables led by Mansur ibn Sarjun, a high-ranking city official. [124] [127] The Muslim armies met up in the city center where capitulation terms were agreed. [127] On the other hand, al-Baladhuri holds that Khalid entered peacefully from Bab Sharqi while Abu Ubayda entered from the west by force. [124] Modern research questions Abu Ubayda's arrival in Syria by the time of the siege. Caetani cast doubt about the aforementioned traditions, while the orientalist Henri Lammens substituted Abu Ubayda with Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan. [128] It continues to pierce the heart of countless men and women even today -- in spite of the relentless efforts by people with vested interests, who would like darkness to prevail, instead of the light of Islam. As a final honour to this illustrious commander, and unlike some of the other Great Captains previously mentioned, Khalid had the rare distinction of never being defeated in any battle, skirmish or even duel. Khalid and his trusted officers would issue personal challenges to kill off an enemy army’s leadership before the main battle had even begun, thus crippling their morale and making their armies easier to rout. There are so many other great stories and aspects of his life that leaves me in awe. Although Sainthood is not possible in Islam, from a Christian perspective, Khalid's life and dedication to Islam matches or even bests our greatest Crusaders.

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German diplomat, missionary and social worker. An intellectual, who has been serving the German Diplomatic Mission in various parts of the world. Presently working as Cultural attache in German Embassy in Riyadh .

Khalid Bin Al-Waleed Sword Of Allah.pdf : A. I. Akram : Free

The Muslim forces entered similar agreements with nearly all the cities they besieged in Syria, including Tiberias, Beisan, Homs, Aleppo, Jerusalem, as well as Alexandria in Egypt and the cities of Upper Mesopotamia. [133] He taught military history as Colonel and Chief Instructor at Command and Staff College, Quetta from September 1960 to November 1965, [5] The extent of Khalid's role in the conquest of Iraq is disputed by modern historians. [88] Patricia Crone argues it is unlikely Khalid played any role on the Iraqi front, citing seeming contradictions by contemporary, non-Arabic sources, [89] namely the Armenian chronicle of Sebeos ( c. 661) and the Khuzistan Chronicle ( c. 680). [19] The former only records Arab armies being sent to conquer Iraq as the Muslim conquest of Syria was already underway—as opposed to before as held by the traditional Islamic sources—while the latter mentions Khalid as the conqueror of Syria only. [89] Crone views the traditional reports as part of a general theme in the largely Iraq-based, Abbasid-era (post-750) sources to diminish the early Muslims' focus on Syria in favor of Iraq. [19] Crone's assessment is considered a "radical critique of the [traditional] sources" by R. Stephen Humphreys, [90] while Khalid Yahya Blankinship calls it "too one-sided ... The fact that Khālid is a major hero in the historical traditions of Iraq certainly suggests ties there that can have come only from his early participation in its conquest". [88] March to Syria Khalid assigned a Hanifite taken captive early in the campaign, Mujja'a ibn al-Murara, to assess the strength, morale and intentions of the Hanifa in their Yamama fortresses in the aftermath of Musaylima's slaying. [38] [61] Mujja'a had the women and children of the tribe dress and pose as men at the openings of the forts in a ruse to boost their leverage with Khalid; [38] he relayed to Khalid that the Hanifa still counted numerous warriors determined to continue the fight against the Muslims. [61] This assessment, along with the exhaustion of his own troops, compelled Khalid to accept Mujja'a's counsel for a ceasefire with the Hanifa, despite Abu Bakr's directives to pursue retreating Hanifites and execute Hanifite prisoners of war. [61]The Byzantine army set up camp at the Ruqqad tributary west of the Muslims' positions at Jabiya. [137] Khalid consequently withdrew, taking up position north of the Yarmouk River, [139] close to where the Ruqqad meets the Yarmouk. [140] The area spanned high hilltops, water sources, critical routes connecting Damascus to the Galilee and historic pastures of the Ghassanids. [140] For over a month, the Muslims held the strategic high ground between Adhri'at (modern Daraa) and their camp near Dayr Ayyub and bested the Byzantines in a skirmish outside Jabiya on 23 July 636. [135] Jandora asserts that the Byzantines' Christian Arab and Armenian auxiliaries deserted or defected, but that the Byzantine force remained "formidable", consisting of a vanguard of heavy cavalry and a rear guard of infantrymen when they approached the Muslim defensive lines. [141] Illustration of the Battle of Yarmouk by an anonymous Catalan illustrator ( c. 1310–1325). The desert march is the most celebrated episode of Khalid's expedition and medieval Futuh ('Islamic conquests') literature in general. [100] Kennedy writes that the desert march "has been enshrined in history and legend. Arab sources marvelled at his [Khalid's] endurance; modern scholars have seen him as a master of strategy." [99] He asserts it is "certain" Khalid embarked on the march, "a memorable feat of military endurance", and "his arrival in Syria was an important ingredient of the success of Muslim arms there". [99] The historian Moshe Gil calls the march "a feat which has no parallel" and a testament to "Khalid's qualities as an outstanding commander". [105] Before his conversion to Islam, Khalid is renowned as being the only commander to have inflicted a serious battlefield defeat against the Prophet Muhammad at the Battle of Uhud in 625CE. However, after his conversion to Islam, Khalid was not only fully accepted into the nascent Muslim community unconditionally, but he was also put to good use in Muhammad’s army. It was here that he truly began his military career, and he did not have to wait for long until he was sent to face the Byzantines at the Battle of Mu’tah in 629CE, which took place in modern day Jordan. The result of such painstaking work was a highly readable account of the life and campaigns of Khalid ibn al-Walid. It was immensely popular and translated into Arabic and Urdu. Akram published a revised edition in 1979 that brushed up the narrative and brought it up to date. The book is divided into four parts, each pertaining to a distinct phase in Khalid’s military career. Part I focuses on Prophet Muhammad (S. A. W.), the rise of Islam and Khalid’s role in the early battles of the new religion, from his victory over the Muslims at Uhud to his conversion and subsequent rescue of the Muslim army at Mu’ta. Part II is concerned with the Ridda wars, when numerous false prophets and rebels arose across Arabia in opposition to the Rashidun Caliphate. Here the focus shifts solely to Khalid and we see him march across central Arabia, defeating Tulayha, Salma and the infamous Musaylima, putting an end to the apostasy and reuniting Arabia under the banner of Islam.