Big Bear, Little Bear

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Zeta Ursae Minoris – Variable Star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 21 June 2014. Gusev, A. S.; Pilyugin, L. S.; Sakhibov, F.; Dodonov, S. N.; Ezhkova, O. V.; Khramtsova, M. S.; Garzónhuhed, F. (2012). "Oxygen and Nitrogen Abundances of H II regions in Six Spiral Galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (#3): 1930–40. arXiv: 1205.3910. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.424.1930G. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21322.x. S2CID 118437910. A supposed Latin tradition of naming Ursa Minor Catuli "whelps" or Canes Laconicae "Spartan dogs", recorded in Johann Heinrich Alsted (1649, 408), is probably an early modern innovation. a b "Beta Ursae Minoris – Variable Star". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 18 May 2014. Others have suggested that an archaic interpretation of Ursa Major was that of a cow, forming a group with Boötes as herdsman, and Ursa Minor as a dog. [13] George William Cox explained it as a variant of Λυκόσουρα, understood as "wolf's tail" but by him etymologized as "trail, or train, of light" (i.e. λύκος "wolf" vs. λύκ- "light"). Allen points to the Old Irish name of the constellation, drag-blod "fire trail", for comparison.

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O'Meara, Stephen James (1998). The Messier Objects. Deep-sky Companions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-521-55332-2. Russell, Henry Norris (1922). "The New International Symbols for the Constellations". Popular Astronomy. 30: 469. Bibcode: 1922PA.....30..469R. Traditionally called Kochab, Beta Ursae Minoris, at apparent magnitude 2.08, is slightly less bright than Polaris. [27] Located around 131light-years away from Earth, [28] [d] it is an orange giant—an evolved star that has used up the hydrogen in its core and moved off the main sequence—of spectral type K4III. [27] Slightly variable over a period of 4.6days, Kochab has had its mass estimated at 1.3times that of the Sun via measurement of these oscillations. [29] Kochab is 450 times more luminous than the Sun and has 42 times its diameter, with a surface temperature of approximately 4,130K. [30] Estimated to be around 2.95billion years old, ±1billion years, Kochab was announced to have a planetary companion around 6.1times as massive as Jupiter with an orbit of 522days. [31] Ursa Minor and Ursa Major in relation to Polaris

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NGC 3172 (also known as Polarissima Borealis) is a faint, magnitude-14.9 galaxy that happens to be the closest NGC object to the north celestial pole. [71] It was discovered by John Herschel in 1831. [72]

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Rutledge, Robert; Fox, Derek; Shevchuk, Andrew (2008). "Discovery of an Isolated Compact Object at High Galactic Latitude". The Astrophysical Journal. 672 (#2): 1137–43. arXiv: 0705.1011. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...672.1137R. doi: 10.1086/522667. S2CID 7915388. Benson, Priscilla J.; Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Garnavich, Peter; Szkody, Paula (1994). "Z Ursa Minoris – a New R Coronae Borealis Variable". The Astronomical Journal. 108 (#1): 247–50. Bibcode: 1994AJ....108..247B. doi: 10.1086/117063. Bortle, John E. (February 2001). "The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale". Sky & Telescope . Retrieved 29 November 2014.Ridpath, Ian. "Urania's Mirror c.1825 – Ian Ridpath's Antique Star Atlases". Self-published . Retrieved 13 February 2012. RW Ursae Minoris is a cataclysmic variable star system that flared up as a nova in 1956, reaching magnitude 6. In 2003, it was still two magnitudes brighter than its baseline, and dimming at a rate of 0.02 magnitude a year. Its distance has been calculated as 5,000±800parsecs (16,300light-years), which puts its location in the galactic halo. [56]

Ursa Minor - Wikipedia Ursa Minor - Wikipedia

Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). "RU Ursae Minoris". The International Variable Star Index. American Association of Variable Star Observers . Retrieved 18 July 2015. Brown points out that Aratus fittingly describes "Cynosura" as "high-running" ("at the close of night Cynosura's head runs very high", κεφαλὴ Κυνοσουρίδος ἀκρόθι νυκτὸς Traditionally known as Pherkad, Gamma Ursae Minoris has an apparent magnitude that varies between 3.04 and 3.09 roughly every 3.4hours. [32] It and Kochab have been termed the "guardians of the pole star". [3] A white bright giant of spectral type A3II-III, [32] with around 4.8times the Sun's mass, 1,050times its luminosity and 15times its radius, [33] it is 487±8 light-years distant from Earth. [28] Pherkad belongs to a class of stars known as Delta Scuti variables [32]—short period (six hours at most) pulsating stars that have been used as standard candles and as subjects to study asteroseismology. [34] Also possibly a member of this class is Zeta Ursae Minoris, [35] a white star of spectral type A3V, [36] which has begun cooling, expanding and brightening. It is likely to have been a B3 main-sequence star and is now slightly variable. [35] At magnitude 4.95 the dimmest of the seven stars of the Little Dipper is Eta Ursae Minoris. [37] A yellow-white main-sequence star of spectral type F5V, it is 97 light-years distant. [38] It is double the Sun's diameter, 1.4times as massive, and shines with 7.4times its luminosity. [37] Nearby Zeta lies 5.00-magnitude Theta Ursae Minoris. Located 860 ± 80light-years distant, [39] it is an orange giant of spectral type K5III that has expanded and cooled off the main sequence, and has an estimated diameter around 4.8times that of the Sun. [40] Albright, William F. (1972). "Neglected Factors in the Greek Intellectual Revolution". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 116 (3): 225–42. JSTOR 986117.

a b c d e f "Ursa Minor, Constellation Boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Union . Retrieved 12 May 2014. An alternative myth tells of two bears that saved Zeus from his murderous father Cronus by hiding him on Mount Ida. Later Zeus set them in the sky, but their tails grew long from their being swung up into the sky by the god. [15] Delta Ursae Minoris". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 21 June 2014. Jenniskens, Peter (September 2012). "Mapping Meteoroid Orbits: New Meteor Showers Discovered". Sky & Telescope: 24. There are plenty of different species of bears in the wildlife that come in various shapes, sizes and colours. Bears can be found in almost every corner of the world.