Herschel and Edith Alt, The New Soviet Man. His Upbringing and Character Development, New York: Bookman Associates, Inc., 1964 (from a review: "The aim of the Alts' study was to portray the impact upon the character of the individual of the entire Soviet system, of which child rearing and education are a part.") In the 1920s and into the Stalinist era the concept of the "New Soviet Woman" served alongside that of the "New Soviet Man." Her roles were vastly different from those of her male counterpart; she was burdened with a complex identity that changed with ideology shifts in the party doctrine toward more conservative notions of the role of the family and the mother in the Soviet system. The New Soviet Woman was a Superwoman who balanced competing responsibilities and took on the burden of multiple roles: Communist citizen, full-time worker, wife and mother. [19] Ethics The Code of Ethics lays down the fundamental principles of the professional ethics and conduct of the authority's staff. Established in 1962, the MIT Press is one of the largest and most distinguished university presses in the world and a leading publisher of books and journals at the intersection of science, technology, art, social science, and design.

Heller (Geller), Mikhail (1988). Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.27, 43, 47. ISBN 978-0394569260. Heller quotes from a 1974 book "Sovetskye lyudi" ("Soviet People"): Soviet Union is the fatherland of a new, more advanced type of Homo sapiens - Homo sovieticus.Edward J. O'Boyle (January 1993). "Work Habits and Customer Service in Post-Communist Poland". International Journal of Social Economics. 20 (1). The consequences of this probihiting of every individual initiative and the denial of individual freedom. The film’s director Ivo Briedis and screenwriter, journalist Rita Ruduša — both born in the USSR — take a highly personal journey to explore the phenomenon of “Homo Sovieticus,” investigating whether they can define this mindset within themselves. Meeting with their contemporaries in various Eastern European countries, they also explore whether people who possess the totalitarian mindset belong to a specific geographical space: After all, the Ninth of May Victory Day demonstrations to commemorate the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945 are held annually as far and wide as Berlin, Australia, and even New York. Of course, things were not the same after the Russian occupation of Crimea in2014 andthe lengthy military conflict in the Donbas region, steered and fed by the Russian authorities enabling local separatist forces. Yet, a year ago on New Year's Eve and Christmas, no one among us commoners could have imagined the hell Ukraine and the rest of Europe were about to enter in 2022.

To explain how this process of indoctrination took place I want to mention some characteristics of an ideology. Each ideology has a claim to the absolute truth, to explain all elements of reality, especially of social reality and history. It is a doctrine, worked out to a closed logical system in which everything fits and everything has its place. It is fixed, unchanging and because of that will not correlate anymore with the present day reality after some decades, becomes outdated and is therefore doomed to fail. The base of an ideology is always a theory; one or more books to be later worked out in a practical programme designed by intellectuals or people with experience. Mostly the claim of an ideology is also to create a happy society. Negative things in life have to be accepted as being necessary to work for a positive goal and can therefore be easily used for manipulation and coercion. And finally, each ideology wants everyone to believe in it because the designers of it are truly convinced of its truth. 2.2 How the communist ideology shaped peoples minds. Geller, Mikhail (1988). Cogs in the wheel: the formation of Soviet man. New York: Knopf. ISBN 9780394569260.It is also worth noting that Levada interpretation of the Soviet Man concept is far from being politically unbiased. Clearly Levada and his circle are the proponents of liberalism.

The origins of the term appear to be somewhat obscure, but it is often associated with the book entitled Homo Sovieticus, published in 1981 by the Soviet philosopher Alexander Zinoviev. Zinoviev was stripped of his citizenship and deported from the USSR for his dissident activities. The book is certainly a fun read, a lengthy exercise in sad irony, with multiple witty comments, repeatedly comparing and contrasting the Soviet and Western lifestyles. However, it is hardly a scientific undertaking. Conflict-dependent Russia. The domestic determinants of the Kremlin's anti-western policy", Maria Domańska Opinions [ edit ] Alexei Yurchak (Jul 2003). "Soviet Hegemony of Form: Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 45 (3): 482.The aforementioned New Year Eve's sentiments are familiar to many people in Eastern Europe, including Estonia, but it is vital to keep in mind that these celebration styles in the post-Soviet societies are directly linked to Russian imperialism, which in addition to exporting Russian language and culture and creating unifying traditions within the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, subjected Ukraine, and many other nations to waves of russification, deportations, and other forms of oppression. There is no great movie that can compensate for the crimes of the imperialist regimes, which have been attempting to destroy the cultural heritage and sometimes even the physical presence of smaller nations. All concepts men live by are a product of historic formation in which they find themselves. The inhabitant of East Central Europe is incapable of understanding delays, absurd decisions, political campaigns, mutual recriminations, public opinion polls, and demagoguery, which he considers to be characteristic of the West. After the fall of communism people felt an unrest, niepokój z powodu pustki, jaka pozostala po racjonalnej wizji pracy, po socjalizmie, czy po rubryce pochodzenie spoleczne która odgrywala role istotna. (Tischner, 1992) 4. The “captive mind” mentality and the culture of fear. If you are familiar with the phrase "what a disgusting thing your jellied fish is" (from Eldar Resanov's iconic movie "The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath"), you probably know who Andrey Myagkov or Barbara Brylska are. If you lost count of how many times you watched "Ivan Vasilievich Changes Profession'' with Yuri Yakovlev or "Operation Y" starring Yuri Nikulin and Alexander Demyanenko on New Year's Eve, there is a good chance that you grew up in the Soviet Union or were born to a Russian-speaking family in any of the former Soviet republics. This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. ( February 2018)

As a means to combat that trend, propaganda placed a new emphasis on the female's role as the perpetuator of the Communist regime in their ability to produce the next class of healthy workers, a policy called pronatalism. Propaganda presented pronatalism, a means to encourage women to bear children, in different ways to urban working-class women and to rural peasant women. Propaganda designed for an urban audience linked healthy female sexuality with reproduction while medical information to peasant women positioned conception as the purpose of sexual intercourse. [24] Of course, there are millions of people in Russia who are against the war. They participate in protests and support opposition to Putin's regime regardless of the risks to their freedom and even their lives. Clearly, it is different to protest in a democratic country vs in authoritarian/totalitarian regimes. We have seen it in Belarus and Russia for many years. The thinker Alexander Zinoviev defined as Homo Sovieticus as a person who is, at their core, an opportunist. They do not rebel against their leadership, and want to take as little individual responsibility as possible. Did these characteristics develop specifically as a result of growing up in the Soviet Union, or can they develop in any society? For a final note, here is a citation from Mark Zakharov's film "To kill a Dragon" (1988) based on the play of Yevgeny Schwartz: "What are you? … You are free people! Get up! You are slaves! /…/ I will now make everyone understand this and kill the Dragon in themselves! IN YOURSELF, do you understand that?" Komunizujacy totalitaryzm wszedl w nasze zycie spoledzne, gloszac zniesienie “prywatnej wlasnosci” srodków produkcji, a wiec ich uspolecznienie. (Tischner 1992)Gail Warshofsky Lapidus, Women in Soviet Society: Equality, Development, and Social Change (University of California Press, 1978), 115. For example, Leon Trotsky wrote in 1924 in Literature and Revolution about the "Communist man", "man of the future": [4] Yet, this is not the full picture. We know that patterns of behavior can alter depending on the specific institutional settings. That is a commonplace sociological observation. Thus, post-Soviet people tend to do quite well when placed in a different social environment, let’s say, as a result of their emigration to the West. The homo sovieticus, it seems, vanishes without a trace in the Silicon Valley and the Bay Area. Homosos jest najbardziej charakterystycznym i adekwatnym ucielesnieniem samej istoty nowego komunistycznego spoleczenstwa.” (Zinoviev, 1984)