Perština ( fársí) je univerzálním jazykem pro obyvatele Íránu, Afghánistánu a Tádžikistánu. V minulosti sloužila i jako universální jazyk v Turkestánu. Italština byla lingua franca v italských koloniích v Africe a stále je užívána částí populace v Etiopii a Eritreji, především v obchodě. Classical Quechua is either of two historical forms of Quechua, the exact relationship and degree of closeness between which is controversial, and which have sometimes been identified with each other. [60] These are: Europeans and their languages – European commission special barometer FEB2006" (PDF) . Retrieved 2010-01-05. Bantu Botatwe is the lingua franca of Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Nyanja is also a main language. [ citation needed] Ewondo [ edit ]

LINGUA FRANCAS OF THE WORLD - De Gruyter LINGUA FRANCAS OF THE WORLD - De Gruyter

Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, Article VIII, Filipiniana.net, archived from the original on 28 February 2009 , retrieved 16 January 2008 Talbot, Cynthia (2001), Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra, New York: Oxford University Press, pp.27–37, ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6As recently as the late 20th century, some restricted the use of the generic term to mean only mixed languages that are used as vehicular languages, its original meaning. [21]

Definition and Examples of a Lingua Franca - ThoughtCo

Between 1880 and 1900, the colonial administration, in need of a common language for the region, adopted a simplified form of Bobangi, the language of the Bangala people, which became Lingala. Spoken Lingala has many loanwords from French, inflected with Lingala affixes. [ citation needed] Lozi [ edit ] Russian is in use and widely understood in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Baltics, areas formerly part of the Soviet Union or bloc, and in much of Central, Southeast and Eastern Europe, formerly part of the Warsaw Pact. It remains the official language of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Russian is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations. [10] Serbo-Croatian [ edit ]A lingua franca (originally Italian for "Frankish language" - see etymology below) is a language that is used between persons who do not have the same mother tongue. [1]

List of lingua francas - Wikipedia

World War II and the expulsion of Germans from many European countries between 1945 and 1950 had a disastrous effect on the use of the German language in Central and Eastern Europe, where it was often suppressed and eventually dropped as a lingua franca by the mid-to-late 20th century being replaced by Russian during the Cold War and nowadays by English. [ citation needed] Italian [ edit ] Název „lingua franca“ (jinak také sabir) byl původně používán Araby, a sice k pojmenování všech románských jazyků, zejména italštiny (Arabové všechny národy v západní Evropě označovali jako „Franky“). Později se tak označoval jazyk s románskou slovní zásobou (většina slov odvozena ze španělštiny a italštiny) a velmi jednoduchou gramatikou, který byl až do konce 19. století používán námořníky ve Středozemním moři, částečně na Středním východě a severní Africe.

Aramaic was the native language of the Aramaeans and became the lingua franca of the Assyrian Empire and the western provinces of the Persian Empire, and was adopted by conquered peoples such as the Hebrews. A dialect of Old Aramaic developed into the literary language Syriac. The Syriacs, such as the Syriac-Aramaeans, Assyrians and Chaldean Christians, continued the use of Aramaic which ultimately evolved into the Neo-Aramaic dialects of the Middle East. [ citation needed] Assamese [ edit ]

Language - Pidgins, Creoles, Dialects | Britannica

a b LINGUA FRANCA:CHIMERA OR REALITY? (PDF). Publ. Office of the Europ. Union. 2010. ISBN 9789279189876. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2020 . Retrieved 15 December 2018. Even in countries not associated with the English-speaking world, English has emerged as a lingua franca in certain situations where its usage is perceived to be more efficient to communicate, especially among groups consisting of native speakers of a variety of languages. For example, in Qatar, the medical community is primarily made up of workers from countries without English as a native language. In medical practices and hospitals, nurses typically communicate with other professionals in English as a lingua franca. [73] This occurrence has led to interest in researching the consequences and affordances of the medical community communicating in a lingua franca. [73] English is also sometimes used as a lingua franca in Switzerland, particularly when communicating with members consisting of the multiple language communities of the country or when an interlocutor's level in the native language to whom they are communicating with is weaker. [74]

Kanuri has historically been an important lingua franca around the Lake Chad region due to its association with the powerful Kanem-Borno empire. However, since the creation of the modern nation-states of Nigeria and Niger, it has declined somewhat in prestige, due to the expansion of the populous Hausa language. [ citation needed] Kituba [ edit ] Sanskrit historically served as a lingua franca throughout the majority of India and Greater India. [29] [30] [31] [32] The Sanskrit language's historic presence is attested across a wide geography beyond South Asia. Inscriptions and literary evidence suggests that Sanskrit language was already being adopted in Southeast Asia and Central Asia in the 1st millennium CE, through monks, religious pilgrims and merchants. [33] [34] [35] Examples of lingua francas are numerous and exist on every continent. The most utilized modern example is English, which is the current dominant lingua franca of international diplomacy, business, science, technology and aviation, but many other languages serve, or have served at different historical periods, as lingua francas in particular regions, countries, or in special contexts. German was a lingua franca in large portions of Europe for centuries, mainly the Holy Roman Empire. Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-3-12-539683-8