Simulation and Analysis of Tornado Development and Decay within a Three-Dimensional Supercell Thunderstorm". The SPC issued a record-setting 43 mesoscale discussions (MCD) throughout the course of the day (12 UTC December 10 to 12 UTC December 11), all of which were associated with the broader storm system: 38 of the MCDs issued were convective discussions relating to the severe thunderstorm activity, and five were non-convective discussions relating to heavy snow associated with the system that concurrently fell throughout much of the Upper Midwest. Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado, dust devil, fire whirl, and steam devil. Waterspouts and landspouts share many defining characteristics, including relative weakness, short lifespan, and a small, smooth condensation funnel that often does not reach the surface. Although this is a widely accepted theory for how most tornadoes form, live, and die, it does not explain the formation of smaller tornadoes, such as landspouts, long-lived tornadoes, or tornadoes with multiple vortices.

Meanwhile, the RFD, now an area of cool surface winds, begins to wrap around the tornado, cutting off the inflow of warm air which previously fed the tornado. of British tornadoes are classed as F0 – F1, meaning their winds rarely top speeds of 112mph, and only cause “moderate” damage. Under the storm and closer to where most tornadoes are found, evidence of a supercell and the likelihood of a tornado includes inflow bands (particularly when curved) such as a "beaver tail", and other clues such as strength of inflow, warmth and moistness of inflow air, how outflow- or inflow-dominant a storm appears, and how far is the front flank precipitation core from the wall cloud.Hulse Avenue and surrounding roads are currently closed and council officers and other emergency services are on location offering support and reassurance to residents. S. central and southern plains during El Niño, and more occur during La Niña, than in years when temperatures in the Pacific are relatively stable. The tornado crossed US 431 north of Russellville and continued to the northeast, completely destroying many mobile homes, barns, and outbuildings along this portion of the path, and collapsing a metal truss electrical transmission tower. The tornado was also the costliest tornado in history at the time (unadjusted for inflation), but in the years since has been surpassed by several others if population changes over time are not considered. This is a phenomenon that is distinct from a satellite tornado, which is a smaller tornado that forms very near a large, strong tornado contained within the same mesocyclone.

While direct measurement of the most violent tornado wind speeds is nearly impossible, since conventional anemometers would be destroyed by the intense winds and flying debris, some tornadoes have been scanned by mobile Doppler radar units, which can provide a good estimate of the tornado's winds.Farther to the northeast, the damage became more severe again as multiple metal truss transmission towers were twisted or collapsed near County Road 722, and damage in this area was rated EF3.

A shed had its roof blown off, a house lost roof shingles, a few trees were downed, and a semi-truck was blown off I-65.Because they are not connected with a cloud base, there is some debate as to whether or not gustnadoes are tornadoes. The tornado dissipated as the parent storm merged with another storm producing a second EF2 tornado in Hart County as they passed south of Munfordville. The 1999 Salt Lake City tornado disproved several misconceptions, including the idea that tornadoes cannot occur in cities. Those that form in dry environments can be nearly invisible, marked only by swirling debris at the base of the funnel. Solar storms similar to tornadoes have been recorded, but it is unknown how closely related they are to their terrestrial counterparts.