Apples – the iconic red fruit that has been a staple in our lives for centuries. Originating from the temperate regions of Central Asia, apples have conquered the world with their crisp texture and sweet-tart taste. There may be as many as 30,000 apple varieties worldwide today, and 2,500 of these are grown in the United States. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD−1.11.1.7) activity was assayed as described by Azevedo et al. (2006), monitoring the production rate of tetraguaiacol at 470 nm (ε = 26.6 × 103 M −1 cm −1). The reaction medium consisted of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.1 μM EDTA, 5 mM guaiacol, 15 mM hydrogen peroxide, and fruit and leaf extracts. The results were expressed as μmol H 2O 2 mg −1 protein min −1 FW.

The hala fruit is found in tropical regions around the world to include Southeast Asia, Florida, Hawaii, and several Pacific Islands. It has a mildly sweet taste said to be a cross between mango and pineapple. Unfortunately, much of the fruit is wasted as you peel it, making it expensive by weight. If you want to try this exotic fruit look for it in a local international market. Highbush Cranberry

Results

For example, common red berries are cranberries, red currants, or red chokecherries. However, botanically, a tomato is also a type of juicy red fruit that grows on vines. Also, watermelon is a red pepo fruit with green skin. However, orange pumpkins and green cucumbers are also fruits in a botanical sense. It’s hard to believe that Robinson Fruit Shoot have been bringing their fruit drinks to family life for very nearly 20 years already. Red fruits come in all shapes and sizes. The most common red fruits are red apples, red pears, strawberries, raspberries, red cherries, and red plums. Some examples of exotic red fruits include red cactus fruit and red passion fruit. Other exotic fruits include red dragon fruit and lychee with its bumpy red skin and white fleshy center. Pomegranate is a tasty red fruit that is full with seeds encased in sweet red juice. Catalase (CAT—EC 1.11.1.6) activity was determined by incubating fruit and leaf samples with 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 12.5 mM H 2O 2 ( Azevedo et al., 1998). The enzyme activity was estimated from measurements of H 2O 2 degradation at 240 nm using ε equal to 36 M −1 cm −1. The results were expressed as μmol H 2O 2 mg −1 protein min −1 of fresh weight (FW).

There was no significant difference ( p≥ 0.05) between control and herbivory treatment for fruit and leaves. A significant increase ( p≤ 0.05) in CAT activity was only observed when the leaf 24 h was compared to the leaf 48 h, both under fruit herbivory conditions. Regarding APX activity, there was no significant difference ( p≥ 0.05) in the fruit 24 h between control and herbivory. However, both for 24 and 48 h, APX activity was higher in the leaves belonging to the fruit herbivory treatment. GPOD was the only enzyme that showed higher activity in the fruit 24 h, compared to the control. The leaves of the control treatment maintained practically the same GPOD activity between 24 and 48 h. Leaves belonging to the fruit herbivory treatment presented higher activity in the 24 h. In the 48 h of herbivory, the activity decreased, being significantly lower than the control ( p≤ 0.05). Linear Support Vector Machine (Linear SVM): (max_iter = 100.000 and tol = 1e-1) the Linear SVM method predicts through the linear regression the position of each entry and consequently which group the entry belongs to Fan et al. (2008); The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s. Author Contributions Gaussian Process: (max_iter_predict = 150 and multi_class = one_vs_one) this method uses input interpolation and Gaussian probabilistic statistics to predict results ( Rasmussen and Williams, 2006);The Jujube is also known as the Red or Chinese Date and is native to Southern Asia. Jujube are chewy with a sweet taste making them good in candies and as a dried fruit. In parts of Asia they are used as a sleep aid in traditional medicine. Jujube is a high fiber fruit with a reasonable nutrition profile. Nectarine Additionally, the DummyClassifier method was used as a control, since it classifies each group without an intelligent strategy, being guided by chance. Intelligent methods that have their accuracy values (considering their respective deviations) close to that found by the Dummy were considered not capable of classifying the inputs. Concluding, the tomato fruit is a plant organ capable of sensing biotic stimuli and transmitting electrical signals to the shoot of tomato plants. Besides, the signaling between fruit and shoot triggered biochemical processes related to biotic stress responses in different leaves and fruits. Finally, we observed that the electrome in the peduncle was different between mature green and red fruits, indicating that electrical signals might be involved in the ripening process. This study raises new possibilities for studies involving electrical signals in signaling and systemic responses, as well as for the applicability of ML to classify electrophysiological data and its use in early diagnosis. It could contribute to a more sustainable crop and food production. Data Availability Statement

Electrical signals were recorded inside a Faraday's cage with the electronic system for data acquisition MP36 (Biopac Systems, Goleta, CA, EUA), composed of four channels with high input impedance (10 GΩ). The signals were acquired by fixing a sampling rate of fs = 62.5 Hz with two filters, one high-pass (0.5 Hz cut-off frequency) and the other low-pass (1.5 kHz cut-off frequency). The bioelectrical runs were analyzed as micro-voltage variation (μ V) time series ΔV = {Δ V 1, Δ V 2, …, Δ V N} in which Δ Vi is the difference of potential between the inserted electrodes, scored in each 1/ fs time interval, and N is the total length of the series.

Gabriela Niemeyer Reissig 1 * Thiago Francisco de Carvalho Oliveira 1 Ricardo Padilha de Oliveira 1 Douglas Antônio Posso 2 André Geremia Parise 1 Dori Edson Nava 3 Gustavo Maia Souza 1 Red fruits are typically divided into categories like drupes (stone fruits), citrus fruits, berries, pomes, and pepo. In addition, it is possible to divide red fruits into exotic, tropical, or everyday fruits among these categories. There are also some red fruits that we tend to think of as vegetables; however, they are botanically classified as red berries. Fruit and leaf samples (± 0.2 g) were homogenized with 100 μM EDTA, 10 mM ascorbic acid, 50% (w:w) polyvinylpyrolidone (PvP) 100 mM, and potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.0 and 7.8 (fruit and leave, respectively). The homogenate was centrifuged at 13,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C and the supernatant obtained was used as a crude enzyme extract ( Azevedo et al., 2006). From the same extract, the total soluble proteins content ( Bradford, 1976) was determined for expression of enzymatic activity, using a bovine serum albumin standard curve. Mature green fruit and 48 h red fruit were not evaluated due to the difficulty of obtaining the plant material necessary for biochemical analysis from a single “Micro-Tom” tomato plant. The 24 h sample of the red fruit was sufficient for the purpose of this work. Five replicates ( n = 5) of red fruit (control and 24 h under herbivory) and leaves (control and 24 and 48 h under herbivory) were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). When F was significant, the treatment means were compared with Student's t-test ( p≤ 0.05). Statistical analyses and graphics were performed using Sigmaplot 12.0 (Systat Software Inc., USA). Machine Learning Classification Methods on Electrome Time Series

Rambutan originated in SE Asia, and is a truly unique fruit. Its skin is a bright red coat of hair like spines. The inner flesh is off white to pink, sweet, and mildly acidic. They are said to taste somewhat like grapes. Raspberry AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting): (n_estimators = 100) this method uses a meta-heuristic algorithm to adapt the classification of each entry ( Freund and Schapire, 1997); The red mulberry is a variety of mulberry found in Eastern and Central North America from Canada to Florida. While they grow across a large region, they aren’t often cultivated. When you find these they can be used as a substitute berry in most recipes. Perhaps give this Plum Cobbler Smoothie with Berries and Oats a try. Red Passion Fruit Red currants are native to Europe where the small red berries are both cultivated and grow wild. Uses for them differ by nation. In the UK they are made into a jelly used with lamb, venison, or fowl. In France they are used to make Lorraine jelly, and in the Scandinavian nations fruit soups and puddings appear to be the preferred uses. Red Grapefruit

Look for more clues & answers

Radial Basis Function SVM (RBF SVM): (gama=1e-2) it is similar to the Linear SVM method, however, the RBF uses another strategy to plot the hyperplane decision boundary between classes, such as curves in addition to lines ( Chang et al., 2010); Grapefruits are actually a relatively recent discovery. They originated in Barbados in the 18th century, and are believed to be a cross between an orange and a pomelo. The name comes from how they grow in clusters like grapes. They come in three common types: Desert Quandong or Native Peach is a “bush food” native to the deserts of Central and South Australia. The term Bush Food generally refers to foods most often harvested wild and eaten by the native people of Australia though there are some that have transitioned to cultivation. The Desert Quandong is not in that latter group. It is fairly popular as an exotic flavoring which has led to failed attempts to cultivate the plants. Like many bright red fruits, they are high in vitamin C. They are said to taste like peaches or apricots. Dragon Fruit Increasingly schools are keeping an eye on what goes into pupils’ lunchboxes but sometimes it can be confusing for parents to know what’s allowed and what isn’t. In terms of individual electrical signals, the system potential (SP) ( Zimmermann et al., 2016) and the slow wave potential (SWP) ( Farmer et al., 2020) are the most reported signals involved in biotic stress. Although studies have already shown the existence of these signals during herbivory, much still need to be done to understand the information that these signals carry and how these signals are transduced. It is not possible to identify specifically which individual electrical signal is pre-dominant in the present study. Nonetheless, our finding showed the transmission of the signal generated in the fruit to the peduncle, and probably to rest of the plant. The ML was efficient to differentiate the signal before and after herbivory ( Figures 3, 4), both for mature green and red fruit. This finding opens new opportunities for studies regarding fruit-to-shoot signaling.