Immunocal preserves CGN viability and protects from apoptosis after exposure to SNP. (a) Representative images of CGNs left untreated (control), treated with SNP (100 μM), or preincubated with Immunocal for 24h before SNP treatment for further 24h. Immunofluorescence shows β-tubulin (green) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 μm. (b) Quantification of apoptosis for 5 independent experiments performed as in (a). Results are shown as mean±SEM, n = 5. (c) MTT cell viability was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Results are shown as mean±SEM, n = 3. For (b) and (c), ∗∗∗ indicates p< 0.001 compared to control, and ††† indicates p< 0.001 compared to SNP. Con: control; ICAL: Immunocal. Immunocal is a bovine whey protein isolate specially prepared so as to provide a rich source of bioavailable cysteine. Following digestion, the cysteine remains as the stable form cystine (2 molecules of cysteine linked by disulfide bond) and glutamylcystine. After absorption, these dipeptides travel safely in the blood stream and readily enter the cells to release free cysteine for intracellular glutathione synthesis. Immunocal can thus be viewed as a cysteine delivery system. Immucol is awater soluble, fortified colostrum powder helping to get calves off to the best start in life. Given the prominent relationship between GSH depletion and neurodegeneration, it is not surprising that many studies have been undertaken to determine the neuroprotective effects of bolstering GSH levels through various treatment paradigms. Such treatments include administration of the GSH precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and GSH-monoethylester (GSH-MEE), a cell permeable form of GSH, and induction of the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), which is involved in transcriptional regulation of γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme necessary for GSH synthesis [ 19]. Studies with NAC are extensive and indicate that NAC treatment offers a number of benefits across numerous disease models. For example, NAC demonstrated a significant protective capacity in a rotenone (complex I inhibition) rat model of Parkinson's disease by decreasing ROS generation, sustaining normal GSH levels, and ultimately preventing dopaminergic cell death [ 20]. In the G93A mutant SOD1 mouse model of familial ALS, NAC delayed the onset of disease-associated motor deficits and significantly extended survival, possibly due to its ability to elevate GSH levels in these animals [ 21]. Lastly, SAMP8 senescence-accelerated mice, which display many of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease, demonstrated an increased cognitive performance with NAC treatment as compared to vehicle-treated controls [ 22]. Another study utilizing GSH-MEE in an MPTP rat model of Parkinson's disease demonstrated that GSH-MEE supplementation is capable of raising GSH levels in the brain when centrally delivered, and this increase in GSH corresponded to partial preservation of striatal dopamine levels [ 23]. Studies such as this have led to recent clinical trials testing the safety and tolerability of intranasal delivery of GSH to patients with PD [ 24]. Finally, Nrf2 induction or overexpression has shown similar promise in animal models of Parkinson's, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease. In the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease, overexpression of Nrf2 in astrocytes attenuated the development of a Parkinsonian phenotype [ 25]. Likewise, astrocytic overexpression of Nrf2 in a mouse model of ALS both delayed onset and increased survival, as did treatment with chemical Nrf2 inducers [ 26, 27]. Comparatively, lentiviral Nrf2 overexpression caused significant improvements in observed learning deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, accompanied by decreased amyloid plaque burden [ 28]. Cumulatively, these data indicate that treatments aimed at increasing GSH levels in the brain may be a viable option for treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disease.

If you need guidance on how to bottle feed crias, please see our Feeding Guide for Crias. What makes Immucol Platinum so good?The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) published an updated guideline for available advanced diabetes technology in 2021 without updating their other guidelines on comprehensive type 2 diabetes management [ 16 , 17]. Clinical practice guidelines for this rapidly evolving field, encompassing CGM, insulin pump management, and the integration of CGM and pump therapy, have also been published. According to the AACE guideline on new diabetes technology, CGM is recommended for all people with diabetes treated with intensive insulin therapy, defined as three or more injections per day or use of an insulin pump [ 16 , 17]. The disulphide bond in cystine is pepsin and trypsin resistant but may be split by heat, low pH or mechanical stress releasing free cysteine. When subject to heat or shearing forces (inherent in most extraction processes), the fragile disulfide bonds within the peptides are broken and the bioavailablility of cysteine is greatly diminished. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE: THE USE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERSONS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Bounous G, Gold P. The biological activity of undenatured whey proteins: role of glutathione. Clin Invest Med 14:296-309, 1991 We had a cria born that can only be described as extremely flat with no chance of standing to feed. After administering our standard energy boosters with little or no effect, we decided to tube feed 80ml of Immucol twice at two hourly intervals. After the second feed the cria started to respond and it wasn’t long before it started feeding from the dam. Dr Luc Montagnier, winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine, for his discovery of HIV, “Glutathione is of major significance in cellular antioxidant activity, and that Immunocal functioning as a cysteine delivery system can enhance glutathione synthesis…” Watanabe A, Higachi K, Yasumura S. et al. Nutritional modulation of glutathione level and cellular immunity in chronic hepatitis B and C. Hepatology. 24:597A, 1996

Vitamins A, D3, E, B1, B2, B6 and B12, Vitamin K3, Vitamin C, Niacin, Folic acid, Biotin, Calcium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulphur, Selenium, Cobalt, Iodine, Manganese, Zinc and Iron IMMUNOCAL is a natural food supplement and as such is limited from stating medical claims per se. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. As such, this product is thus not intended to diagnose, cure, prevent or treat any disease. T-cell transfer therapy may also be called adoptive cell therapy, adoptive immunotherapy, or immune cell therapy. The research lead to the development of a product called Immunocal, which is widely recognised in the medical community as being a great immune booster. Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should discuss the use of this product with their health professional. Adverse Reactions

Lands LC, Grey VL, Smountas AA. Effect of supplementation with a cysteine donor on muscular performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 87:1381-1385, 1999

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Bounous G. Immunoenhancing properties of undenatured milk serum protein isolate in HIV patients. Int. Diary Fed: Whey: 293-305, 1998 It plays a fundamental role in numerous metabolic and biochemical reactions such as DNA synthesis and repair, protein synthesis, prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport and enzyme activation. Thus, every system in the body can be affected by the state of the glutathione system, especially the immune system, the nervous system, the gastrointestinal system and the lungs. There are a few ways to get cysteine into the body, but only one proven way to get it into your cells to make glutathione – and that is a chemical found in human breast milk! Multiple myeloma. Several monoclonal antibodies are used to treat this blood cancer. Doctors may use them after a stem cell transplant to help keep cancer at bay. According to the most recent recommendations, screening for prediabetes and diabetes should begin at the age of 35 years [ 26]. The previous recommendation was that testing should begin at the age of 45 years. This change reflects the findings that opportunistic universal screening among individuals aged ≥35 years could greatly reduce the national prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes or diabetes at a relatively low cost. In the glycemic assessment section, TIR along with A1C has been more fully incorporated into the guideline [ 27]. A 14-day CGM assessment of TIR and use of a glucose management indicator can serve as a surrogate for A1C in clinical management.

IMMUNOCAL is contraindicated in individuals who develop or have known hypersensitivity to specific milk proteins. Precautions The neurotoxic effects of aluminum exposure are well documented, and recently, environmental aluminum and aluminum-containing vaccines have garnered attention as potential causes of neurodegeneration. In general, in vitro exposure of neural cells to aluminum has been shown to result in pronounced alterations in mitochondrial structure and function, leading to marked increases in ROS, reduction of mitochondrial enzyme activity, and cell death [ 45]. Aluminum also interferes with the activity of NADP-isocitrate at the mitochondria, decreasing the pool of NADPH that is available and necessary for the regeneration of GSH, and thereby decreasing GSH levels [ 61]. In vivo examination of aluminum neurotoxicity has demonstrated that healthy mice treated with aluminum hydroxide display significant motor deficits and develop pathological features similar to those observed in ALS [ 62]. These results are notable in that Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War who received vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide adjuvant demonstrate a significant increase in the incidence of ALS, implicating aluminum toxicity as one potential environmental factor in some forms of sporadic ALS [ 62, 63]. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that Immunocal pretreatment is capable of significantly reducing the degree of neurotoxicity observed with aluminum in CGN cultures. We further confirmed that the protective effects of Immunocal were not due to metal chelation by removing Immunocal-containing media prior to the addition of AlCl 3. Rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) were isolated as previously described from 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups of both sexes [ 34]. CGNs were seeded on 35mm diameter plastic dishes coated with poly-L-lysine at an average density of 2.0×10 6 cells/mL in basal modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 25mM KCl, 2mM L-glutamine, and penicillin (100units/mL)/streptomycin (100 μg/mL). Cytosine arabinoside (10 μM) was added to the culture medium 24h after plating. Experiments were performed after 6 days in culture. In general, cells were pretreated with Immunocal at a concentration of 3.3%, w/ v (unless otherwise noted) in serum-free medium for 24h prior to treatment with the specified insult (i.e., SNP, HA14-1, etc.) for an additional 24h. Sarcoma. This is a rare kind of cancer that starts in your bones or soft tissue. One type of monoclonal antibody is used to treat sarcoma. As with many cancers, more research is needed to better understand how other immunotherapies might help.

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Cells treated with Immunocal display healthy neuronal morphology. Cells were left untreated (a) or treated with Immunocal alone (b) and assessed for overall health and appearance. Left-hand panels are representative images of cell nuclei stained with DAPI. Right-hand panels depict the same fields as viewed under brightfield to assess the state of neuronal processes and soma. Con: control; ICAL: Immunocal. Scale bar, 10 μm.