Sakagami, Rina; Kawabe, Soichiro (2020). "Endocranial anatomy of the ceratopsid dinosaur Triceratops and interpretations of sensory and motor function". PeerJ. 8: e9888. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9888. PMC 7505063. PMID 32999761. Evans, D. C.; Larson, D. W.; Currie, P. J. (2013). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest Cretaceous of North America". Naturwissenschaften. 100 (11): 1041–1049. Bibcode: 2013NW....100.1041E. doi: 10.1007/s00114-013-1107-5. PMID 24248432. S2CID 14978813.

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D’Anastasio, Ruggero; Cilli, Jacopo; Bacchia, Flavio; Fanti, Federico; Gobbo, Giacomo; Capasso, Luigi (April 7, 2022). "Histological and chemical diagnosis of a combat lesion in Triceratops". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 3941. Bibcode: 2022NatSR..12.3941D. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08033-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8990019. PMID 35393445. Scannella, John B.; Fowler, Denver W.; Goodwin, Mark B.; Horner, John R. (July 15, 2014). "Evolutionary trends in Triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (28): 10245–10250. Bibcode: 2014PNAS..11110245S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1313334111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4104892. PMID 24982159. A Triceratops Named 'Kelsey' ". www.bhigr.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017 . Retrieved December 22, 2017.

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Reid, R.E.H. (1997). "Histology of bones and teeth". In Currie, P. J.; Padian, K. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. San Diego, CA.: Academic Press. pp.329–339. One skull was found with a hole in the jugal bone, apparently a puncture wound sustained while the animal was alive, as indicated by signs of healing. The hole has a diameter close to that of the distal end of a Triceratops horn. This and other apparent healed wounds in the skulls of ceratopsians has been cited as evidence of non-fatal intraspecific competition in these dinosaurs. [76] [77] Another specimen, referred to as "Big John", has a similar fenestra to the squamosal caused by what appears to be another Triceratops horn and the squamosal bone shows signs of significant healing, further vindicating the hypothesis that this ceratopsian used its horns for intra-specific combat. [78] It was tens of miles wide and forever changed history when it crashed into Earth about 66 million years ago. Triceratops were long thought to have used their horns and frills in combat with large predators, such as Tyrannosaurus, the idea being discussed first by Charles H. Sternberg in 1917 and 70 years later by Robert Bakker. [55] [65] There is evidence that Tyrannosaurus did have aggressive head-on encounters with Triceratops, based on partially healed tyrannosaur tooth marks on a Triceratops brow horn and squamosal. The bitten horn is also broken, with new bone growth after the break. Which animal was the aggressor, however, is unknown. [66] Paleontologist Peter Dodson estimates that, in a battle against a bull Triceratops, the Triceratops had the upper hand and would successfully defend itself by inflicting fatal wounds to the Tyrannosaurus using its sharp horns. Tyrannosaurus is also known to have fed on Triceratops, as shown by a heavily tooth-scored Triceratops ilium and sacrum. [67] Examples of periosteal reactive bone in selected specimens of Triceratops

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Three of these families were carnivorous: the Tyrannosauridae, the Dromaeosauridae (including the Velociraptor, made famous by the Jurassic Park movies) and the Troodontidae (small dinosaurs similar to birds). These findings were contested a few years later by paleontologist Catherine Forster, who reanalyzed Triceratops material more comprehensively and concluded that the remains fell into two species, T.horridus and T.prorsus, although the distinctive skull of T.(" Nedoceratops") hatcheri differed enough to warrant a separate genus. [20] She found that T.horridus and several other species belonged together and that T.prorsus and T.brevicornus stood alone. Since there were many more specimens in the first group, she suggested that this meant the two groups were two species. It is still possible to interpret the differences as representing a single species with sexual dimorphism. [9] [21]

We looked at the six most abundant dinosaur families through the whole of the Cretaceous (period), spanning from 150 to 66 million years ago, and found that they were all evolving and expanding and clearly being successful,” said study lead author, Fabien Condamine, a researcher from the Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier in France in a news release. As described above, Scannella had argued in 2010 that Nedoceratops should be considered a synonym of Triceratops. [29] Farke (2011) maintained that it represents a valid distinct genus. [88] Longrich agreed with Scannella about Nedoceratops and made a further suggestion that the recently described Ojoceratops was likewise a synonym. The fossils, he argued, are indistinguishable from the Triceratops horridus specimens that were previously attributed to the defunct species Triceratops serratus. Martin, L. D.; Kurochkin, E. N.; Tokaryk, T. T. (2012). "A new evolutionary lineage of diving birds from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia". Palaeoworld. 21: 59–63. doi: 10.1016/j.palwor.2012.02.005. We knew that all these families had survived until the end of the Cretaceous, marked by the fall of the asteroid. Our goal was to determine at what rate these families diversified – formed new species – or became extinct. Lehman, T. M. (1998). "A gigantic skull and skeleton of the horned dinosaur Pentaceratops sternbergi from New Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 72 (5): 894–906. Bibcode: 1998JPal...72..894L. doi: 10.1017/S0022336000027220. JSTOR 1306666. S2CID 132807103.

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Norman, David (1985). The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Dinosaurs. London: Salamander Books. ISBN 978-0-517-46890-6. Longrich, Nicholas R. (2011). " Titanoceratops ouranous, a giant horned dinosaur from the Late Campanian of New Mexico". Cretaceous Research. 32 (3): 264–276. Bibcode: 2011CrRes..32..264L. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.007. a b c d e f g h i Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, H. (2004). The Dinosauria (Seconded.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p.861. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8. cheat SpawnDino "Blueprint'/Game/Genesis2/Missions/ModularMission/Gauntlet2/STA/Dinos/Trike_Character_BP_STA_Corrupted.Trike_Character_BP_STA_Corrupted'" 500 0 0 35 Ott, C.J.; Larson, P.L. (2010). "A New, Small Ceratopsian Dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Northwest South Dakota, United States: A Preliminary Description". In Ryan, M.J.; Chinnery-Allgeier, B.J.; Eberth, D.A. (eds.). New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p.656.Ornithischians are abundant in the Scollard, Laramie, Lance, Denver, and Hell Creek Formation. The main groups of ornithischians are ankylosaurians, ornithopods, ceratopsians, and pachycephalosaurians. Three ankylosaurians are known: Ankylosaurus, Denversaurus, and possibly a species of Edmontonia or an undescribed genus. Multiple genera of ceratopsians are known from the formation other than Triceratops. These include the leptoceratopsid Leptoceratops and the chasmosaurine ceratopsids Torosaurus, [93] Nedoceratops, and Tatankaceratops. [101] Ornithopods are common in the Hell Creek Formation and are known from several species of the thescelosaurine Thescelosaurus and the hadrosaurid Edmontosaurus. [93] [102] Several pachycephalosaurians have been found in the Hell Creek Formation and in similar formations. Among them are the derived pachycephalosaurids Stygimoloch, [93] Dracorex, [103] Pachycephalosaurus, [93] Sphaerotholus, and an undescribed specimen from North Dakota. The first two might be junior synonyms of Pachycephalosaurus. Seebacher, F. (2001). "A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (1): 51–60. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524171. S2CID 53446536. A word of advice is to put your trike on Passive, done through either the radial interaction menu on the dinosaur, or through the Whistle menu. Dinosaurs left on Neutral or Aggressive can easily go for a wander and disappear, taking your saddle and your hard work with it. Other players could also grief you by luring your dinosaur into the deep water and letting it drown. It is always a good idea to build a small pen for your dinosaurs to keep them safe when they're not in use, though you will need a Dinosaur Gateway to get them in and out because, if the size hadn't given it away, Trikes aren't going to be able to get through a regular doorway. cheat SpawnDino "Blueprint'/Game/PrimalEarth/Dinos/Trike/Trike_Character_BP_Aberrant.Trike_Character_BP_Aberrant'" 500 0 0 35 Torosaurus is a ceratopsid genus first identified from a pair of skulls in 1891, two years after the identification of Triceratops by Othneil Charles Marsh. The genus Torosaurus resembles Triceratops in geological age, distribution, anatomy, and size, so it has been recognised as a close relative. [86] Its distinguishing features are an elongated skull and the presence of two ovular fenestrae in the frill. Paleontologists investigating dinosaur ontogeny in Montana's Hell Creek Formation have recently presented evidence that the two represent a single genus.

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Melbourne Museum acquires world's most complete triceratops skeleton in 'immense' dinosaur deal". the Guardian. December 2, 2020. Archived from the original on February 18, 2021 . Retrieved February 10, 2021. The lower jaws were elongated and met at their tips in a shared epidentary bone, the core of the toothless lower beak. In the dentary bone, the tooth battery curved to the outside to meet the battery of the upper jaw. At the rear of the lower jaw, the articular bone was exceptionally wide, matching the general width of the jaw joint. [31] T.horridus can be distinguished from T.prorsus by having a shallower snout. [25] Postcranial skeleton [ edit ] Closeup of pelvis of Triceratops specimen at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History Hone, D. W. E.; Naish, D. (2013). "The 'species recognition hypothesis' does not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi: 10.1111/jzo.12035. a b Ostrom, J. H. (1966). "Functional morphology and evolution of the ceratopsian dinosaurs". Evolution. 20 (3): 290–308. doi: 10.2307/2406631. JSTOR 2406631. PMID 28562975.cheat SpawnDino "Blueprint'/Game/Genesis/Dinos/MissionVariants/Retrieve/Volcanic/Volcano_Trike_Character_BP_Retrieve.Volcano_Trike_Character_BP_Retrieve'" 500 0 0 35