Acid/Flux Brush, Tin Ferrule, Horsehair, 5-3/4" Length, 5/16" Width(Pack of 30 Pieces)

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J. L. Cuellar, I. Llarena, S. E. Moya and E. Donath, Macromolecules, 2013, 46, 2323–2330 CrossRef CAS. Fig. 3 2D-FM-AFM topography measurements of pAA-Cys5 polymer brushes. (a–c, top) 2D images of polymer brushes in (a) 100 mM NaCl, (b) 100 mM NaCl + 1 mM CaCl 2, and (c) 100 mM NaCl + 1 mM CdCl 2, and (bottom) line profiles obtained at the dashed lines in 2D images. Scale bars: 100 nm. (d–f) Autocorrelation maps of the topography images shown in (a–c); (d) 100 mM NaCl, (e) 100 mM NaCl + 1 mM CaCl 2, and (f) 100 mM NaCl + 1 mM CdCl 2. Scale bars: 100 nm. (f, inset) The line profiles along the major and minor axes of the central peak and their best Gaussian fits. The profiles are shifted vertically for the clarity. Fig. 1 Chemical structure of DOPE-pAA-Cys5 and schematic illustration of the experimental procedure whereby a lipid monolayer is formed from a suspension of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and an N-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) monolayer on silicon wafers. Fig. 5 Correlations between the surface topography and mechanical heterogeneity of pAA-Cys5 polymer brushes in 100 mM NaCl + 1 mM CdCl 2 based on 3D-SFM mapping. (a) Surface topography. A white square and a white diamond indicate the positions of representative topographically high points (Δ h = 4.2 and 3.4 nm, respectively), and a grey circle and a grey triangle indicate the positions of representative topographically low points (Δ h = 2.6 and 1.3 nm, respectively). (b) 2D map of Δ f at the Δ z = 0 plane. Scale bars: 20 nm. (c and d) Force curves measured at (c) the protrusions and (d) the smooth regions; baselines are offset for clarity. (e) A schematic presentation of pAA-Cys5 brushes on a phospholipid monolayer and lateral stiffness distribution in the presence of Cd 2+ ions. Oral hygiene practices include toothbrushing and the use of other aids for cleaning teeth. Toothbrushing is widely practiced across the UK. In a 2009 national survey of adults [footnote 1], more women reported cleaning their teeth at least twice a day than men (82% compared with 67%). Three quarters (76%) of dentate adults reported using toothpaste with 1,350 to 1,500 parts per million level of fluoride and a further 18 per cent used a brand with a medium (1,000 to 1,350 parts per million) fluoride level. Most dentate adults (58%) used additional products as well as a standard toothpaste and brush, the most common of which were mouthwash (31%), powered toothbrushes (26%) and dental floss (21%). Women and middle-aged adults were more likely to use additional products than men, younger and very old adults (85 years and over).

J. Czajor, W. Abuillan, D. V. Nguyen, C. Heidebrecht, E. A. Mondarte, O. V. Konovalov, T. Hayashi, D. Felder-Flesch, S. Kaufmann and M. Tanaka, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 17727–17733 RSC. T. Fukuma, M. Kimura, K. Kobayashi, K. Matsushige and H. Yamada, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2005, 76, 053704 CrossRef. H. Rieger, H. Y. Yoshikawa, K. Quadt, M. A. Nielsen, C. P. Sanchez, A. Salanti, M. Tanaka and M. Lanzer, Blood, 2015, 125, 383–391 CrossRef CAS. X. Xu, D. Mastropietro, M. Ruths, M. Tirrell and J. Yu, Langmuir, 2019, 35, 15564–15572 CrossRef CAS.

Among the various techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is commonly used to investigate the mechanical properties of polymer brushes via nanoindentation. 13,14 Recently, Fukuma et al., developed three-dimensional scanning force microscopy (3D-SFM) based on frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM), 15 which has been utilized to construct force maps of material surfaces. During the measurement process, a cantilever tip scans in the vicinity of the interface both parallel and perpendicular to the surface, and the frequency shift of the oscillating cantilever is recorded in 3D space. This technique has been successful in visualizing the 3D force maps of the surfaces of various materials in water, e.g., minerals, 16,17 graphene, 18 graphite, 19 and supported phospholipid bilayers. 20 A key advantage of this technique is that it can be used to investigate the density distribution of water at the solid/water interface. By exploiting this unique functionality, 3D-SFM has been applied to observe the ammonia-mediated hydration of poly(vinyl alcohol) coated surfaces. 21 However, to our knowledge, no experimental studies have demonstrated the potential of 3D-SFM to detect dynamic modulations of hydrated polymer brushes driven by external chemical stimuli. H. Songen, B. Reischl, K. Miyata, R. Bechstein, P. Raiteri, A. L. Rohl, J. D. Gale, T. Fukuma and A. Kuhnle, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 120, 116101 CrossRef PubMed. A. Yamamoto, K. Hayashi, A. Sumiya, F. Weissenfeld, S. Hinatsu, W. Abuillan, M. Nakahata and M. Tanaka, Front. Soft Matter, 2022, 2, 959542 CrossRef.

H. Asakawa, S. Yoshioka, K.-i. Nishimura and T. Fukuma, ACS Nano, 2012, 6, 9013–9020 CrossRef CAS PubMed.For the 3D-SFM measurements, the cantilever tip scanned vertically following a rapid sinusoidal curve, while slowly scanning in the lateral direction. During this tip scan, the Δ f induced by the force variation was recorded to produce a 3D Δ f image; the tip-sample distance was regulated continuously such that the average Δ f was equal to a setpoint value Δ f sp. This allowed us to simultaneously obtain a 3D Δ f image and a 2D height image. Sections of 100 × 100 nm in area with a height of 6 nm (for NaCl and NaCl + CaCl 2 solutions) or 8 nm (for NaCl + CdCl 2 solutions) were scanned (128 × 128 × 256 pixels) with a constant setpoint to compare the forces measured in all the buffer solutions. In this study, we carefully optimized the setpoint at 3.9 kHz, at which we could gain the highest contrast. Data analysis AFM data were processed with the open-source software, Gwyddion, 35 to analyze the topography images and a self-written program in LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) to analyze the 3D-SFM images. Y. Higaki, B. Frohlich, A. Yamamoto, R. Murakami, M. Kaneko, A. Takahara and M. Tanaka, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2017, 121, 1396–1404 CrossRef CAS. Fig. 2 Fluorescence image of a supported membrane (DOPC/DOPE-pAA-Cys5/Texas Red DHPE = 94 : 5 : 1 mol%) on a glass cover slip coated with an ODTMS monolayer, verifying the formation of a uniform lipid monolayer incorporating DOPE-pAA-Cys5. Scale bar: 50 μm.