SP: At one point, there were four colonies, three of which reflected the secession of state colonization societies from the central ACS. Hodge, Carl Cavanagh; Nolan, Cathal J. (2007). US Presidents and Foreign Policy. ABC-CLIO. p.49. ISBN 978-1-85109-790-6 . Retrieved February 5, 2013. Los Angeles Noah: Reverend J. E. Lewis and the Liberian Arks". February 11, 2022 . Retrieved April 25, 2022.

Sivapragasam, Michael (June 2018). After the treaties: a social, economic and demographic history of Maroon society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 (Thesis). University of Southampton. pp.136–154. Pybus, C. (2007). Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty. Beacon Press. ISBN 9780807055151. Challenges the dominant historical narrative of America's racial progress and of the American Civil War as a forerunner of the modern civil rights era Rommel-Ruiz, Bryan (2007). "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America, and: Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (review)". Journal of the Early Republic. 27 (1): 184–188. doi: 10.1353/jer.2007.0013. S2CID 145618874. Main article: History of Sierra Leone The Province of Freedom from Voyages to the River Sierra Leone by John Matthews, 1788Woven from several threads running through the intellectual life of the early republic, the colonization movement was always likely to fray in the 1830s, when the sudden hostility of a once-generous federal government was exacerbated by many colonizationists’ conversion to immediatist abolitionism. As written above, this is easily one of the most misunderstood and under-examined fields of study pertaining to the war. Foner, Eric (2015). Gateway to Freedom. The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 9780393244076. Cato Perkins (died 1805), missionary who migrated to Freetown, where he led a strike of carpenters against the Sierra Leone Company [59]

It is amazing how many different colonization projects existed. I think most people are familiar with the ACS and Liberia, but you remind historians that both were quite fragmented entities. How many colonies existed in Liberia and how successful were they?Notable members of the American Colonization Society included Thomas Buchanan, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, Abraham Lincoln, James Madison, Daniel Webster, John Marshall, and Francis Scott Key. [21] Other pre-Civil War attempts [ edit ]

And ironically, I got around to the prewar records of the ACS last of all, by which time they had long become available online!Seb, how did you become interested in emancipation and colonization before and during the American Civil War? Mary Perth 1740- after 1813". Slavery and Remembrance. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation . Retrieved March 25, 2016. National Emigration Convention of Colored People". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University. March 4, 1998 . Retrieved May 30, 2013. a b White, Deborah Gray. "Slavery and Freedom in the New Republic." In ''Freedom on my mind''. S.l.: Bedford Bks St Martin's, 2012, pp. 186–188. a b Ailes, Jane; Tyler-McGraw, Marie (2012). "Leaving Virginia for Liberia: Western Virginia Emigrants and Emancipators". West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies. 6 (2): 1–34. doi: 10.1353/wvh.2012.0021. S2CID 159669576.

Abraham Hazeley (1784–1847), founder of what was to become one of the most prominent Creole families in Freetown, Sierra Leone. [48] :309 Elizabeth Renner (died 1826), emigrated to Sierra Leone and became the first female teacher and principal of a girls' school in the missionary in Africa [61] Brooks, George. Landlords And Strangers: Ecology, Society, And Trade In Western Africa, 1000-1630. Routledge, 1993. McDaniel, Antonio (November 1992). "Extreme mortality in nineteenth-century Africa: the case of Liberian immigrants". Demography. 29 (4): 581–594. doi: 10.2307/2061853. JSTOR 2061853. PMID 1483543. S2CID 46953564. Taylor, Bankole Kamara (February 2014). Sierra Leone: The Land, Its People and History. New Africa Press. p.68. ISBN 9789987160389.Brooks, George. Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, And Trade In Western Africa, 1000-1630. Routledge, 1993. Leach, Fiona (2019). Reclaiming the Women of Britain's First Mission to West Africa: Three Lives. Brill. p.239. ISBN 9789004387447. McDaniel, Antonio (April 1995). Swing Low, Sweet Chariot: The Mortality Cost of Colonizing Liberia in the Nineteenth Century. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226557243. To get into the weeds of the book, what are the different colonization projects that you have uncovered? Theodore G. Bilbo and the Decline of Public Racism, 1938-1947" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2021 . Retrieved May 11, 2021.