Gallaway et al. 18 investigated the efficacy of the treatment of CI by using PPT and indicated that therapy was valuable in 58% of cases in normalization of NPC, and in 91.7% of cases reduced the patient's symptoms. These observations were confirmed in our study.

Studies indicate that office-based vision therapy with home reinforcement is the most effective treatment for convergence insufficiency. Home-based treatment with pencil pushups hasn't been shown to be as effective. But home treatment costs less and is more convenient and more readily available. In short, your home therapy should include more than just PPT to be as effective as possible and as comprehensive as possible. Should I use pencil pushups? Eye makeup is an important part of an overall look, and eyeliner is a great way to accentuate the eyes and add definition. Pushing up an eyeliner pencil is a simple and essential step in the makeup application process, as it helps the pencil glide across the eyelids more smoothly and evenly, producing a cleaner, more professional look. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of how to properly push up an eyeliner pencil, so you can create a stunning and flawless eye makeup look. Yaramothu C, Santos EM, Alvarez TL. Effects of visual distractors on vergence eye movements. J Vis. 2018;18(6):2. doi:10.1167/18.6.2Hassan LI, Ibrahim SM, Abdu M, Mohamedsharif A. Prevalence of convergence insufficiency among secondary school students in Khartoum, Sudan. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2018;11(2):129-133. doi:10.4103/ojo.OJO_170_2017

In this semi-experimental study, participants were 60 students from Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (mean age of 21.3 ± 0.9 years). The nature, purpose, and methods of this study were clearly explained to the participants in advance, and their voluntary cooperation and informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and the participants were assured that their information was kept confidential. The Research Ethics Committee at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: 752). In the convergence insufficiency treatment trial (CITT) study on 19-33 years old subjects with CI, Scheiman et al. 12 reported that the office-based therapy effects on symptoms reduction and improvement of CI parameters was the same as the present study. However, Scheiman et al. 12 cited that the results of PPT are low compared to the office-based therapy, which is in contrast to our results. Use the Maybelline Expert Tools Dual Sharpening Pen to get the best definition out of your gel pencil eyeliner. Can You Sharpen Maybelline Lasting Drama Gel Pencil?

References

Many studies in both the optometric and ophthalmic literature have shown that orthoptics (also known as vision therapy or training) is the treatment of choice for CI. 6 , 7 , 8 It is agreed that the objective of vision therapy is to develop better fusional control of binocular deviation via improvement of PFV. 6 There are two main vision therapy approaches, office-based therapy (with or without home reinforcement), and home-based therapy. These exercises are effective for the removal of asthenopia and improvement of convergence function, even in adult patients. Office-based therapy combined with home-based therapy has been shown to be more effective than home-based therapy alone. 9 Home-based therapy is a simple and cost-effective option prescribed by both optometrists and ophthalmologists, and has been considered the initial training technique with satisfactory results. Home-based therapy is successful if the patient performs the therapy correctly. 5 , 10 However, home-based training has never been shown to be any more effective than placebo therapy in randomized clinical trials. Patwardhan et al. reported that most ophthalmic practitioners prescribed pencil push-up therapy (PPT) as the initial treatment for CI and their patients had satisfactory results. 11