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The Haversine distance calculated between successive GPS coordinates, divided by the time taken between locations. Ground-truthing

Once you have R under your belt, you have all of this statistical language's analytical power and flexibility at your fingertips. We already have nice dataframe now with all the information available in the GPX file for each position. Each position is defined by the latitude and longitude and we also have the elevation (altitude) available. Note, that the altitude ist quite noisy with GPS, we will see this in a minute.English HM, Harvey L, Wilson RP, Gunner RM, Holton MD, Woodroffe R, Börger L. Multi-sensor biologgers and innovative training allow data collection with high conservation and welfare value in zoos. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-562677/v1. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, Grupo GEA, IPATEC-UNCO-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina Hebblewhite M, Haydon DT. Distinguishing technology from biology: a critical review of the use of GPS telemetry data in ecology. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2010;365(1550):2303–12. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa The accumulation of spatial errors relative to a Verified Position, arising from integrating incorrect dimensions of travel. Dynamic body acceleration (DBA)

Valenti RG, Dryanovski I, Xiao J. Keeping a good attitude: a quaternion-based orientation filter for IMUs and MARGs. Sensors. 2015;15(8):19302–30. where \(m\) is the multiplicative coefficient and \(c\) is a constant [ 10, 69]. Here, a user can define various bouts of movement from motion sensor data (e.g., via various machine-learning approaches (for review see Farrahi et al. [ 170]) or the Boolean-based LoCoD method [ 101]) and/or substrate condition (e.g., via GPS), to be cross-referenced when allocating variants of the speed coefficients. As a simple example, in R, should walking (coded for as 1) and running (coded for as 2) be teased apart from all other (non-moving) data (coded for as 0) within a Marked Events vector (ME), then ME can be used to allocate various \(m\) (and if applicable, \(c\)) values using simple ‘ifelse’ statements (R 39:40). Harja YD, Sarno R. Determine the best option for nearest medical services using Google maps API, Haversine and TOPSIS algorithm. In: 2018 international conference on information and communications technology (ICOIACT), 6–7 March 2018; 2018. p. 814–9. Whitney NM, Pratt HL Jr, Pratt TC, Carrier JC. Identifying shark mating behaviour using three-dimensional acceleration loggers. Endanger Species Res. 2010;10:71–82.

Leonardo M, Noss AJ, Erika C, Damián IR. Ocelot ( Felis pardalis) population densities, activity, and ranging behaviour in the dry forests of eastern Bolivia: data from camera trapping. J Trop Ecol. 2005;21(3):349–53. Sato K, Sakamoto KQ, Watanuki Y, Takahashi A, Katsumata N, Bost C-A, Weimerskirch H. Scaling of soaring seabirds and implications for flight abilities of giant pterosaurs. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(4):e5400. Caruso MJ. Applications of magnetic sensors for low cost compass systems. In: IEEE 2000 position location and navigation symposium (Cat No00CH37062): 13–16 March 2000; 2000. p. 177–84.

chr7 26594641 26594733 93 + lincRNA ENSG00000233760 ENSE00001716169 ENST00000457000 AC004947.2 #Plotdf2 <- data.frame(time = 30 : 120 , score = sin (( 30 : 120 )/ 20 )* 10 , value = rnorm( 120 - 30 + 1 ))

Ropert-Coudert Y, Wilson RP. Trends and perspectives in animal-attached remote sensing. Front Ecol Environ. 2005;3(8):437–44.The direction of the individual reads is indicated by the arrow head, and read pairs are connect by a bright gray line. Gaps in the alignments are show by the connecting dark gray lines. On devices that support transparancy we can also see that some of the read pairs are actually overlapping.